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370 THE MARINE REVIEW DEVOTED TO MARINE ENGINEERING, SHIP BUILDING AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES Published Monthly by The Penton Publishing Company Penton Building, Cleveland. BOSTON - eS - - - Room 510, 201 Devonshire St. CHICAGO - - - es 1521-23 Lutton Blag. CINCINNATI - - - : - 503 Mercantile Library Bldg. NEW YORK - : - - - - 503-4 West Street Bldg. PITTSBURGH - . - - - - 2148-49 Oliver Bldg. PHILADELPHIA - : - - Suite 326 Real Estate Trust Bldg. WASHINGTON, D. C. : - BIRMINGHAM, ENG. - - 5 - 501 Metropolitan Bank Bldg. - - Prince Chamber. Subscription, $2 delivered free anywhere in the world. Single copies, 20 cents. Back numbers over three months, 50 cents. Change of advertising copy must reach this office on or before the first of each month. . The Cleveland News Co. will supply the trade with THE MARINE REVIEW through the regular channels of the American News Co. 'European Agents, The International News Company, Breams Building, Chancery Lane, London, E. C., England. Entered at the Post Office at Cleveland, Ohio, as Second Class Matter. (Copyright 1913, by Penton Publishing Company) cae ene = ---- a a mm aoa October, 1913 a -- -- -- emer eee trae | aes ee Progress on Panama Canal Steam shovel operations on the Culebra cut were permanently suspended on Sept 10, and all trackage removed. Most of the ties were past saving and were piled into heaps and burned. The pumps which have been maintained just south of Gamboa dyke to free the cut of drainage water have been removed and the building which housed them destroyed. It is "estimated that about 600,000 cu. yds. of material re- main to be removed by dredges from the Culebra cut section within the original limits of the canal, exclusive of slides. Practically all of this material lies between Cucaracha slide and a point about midway between Empire and Culebra. Slides in this section are showing renewed activity but are regarded in a large measure as having lost their importance because they will be- come a part of the regular work of the dredges in keeping the channel clear. The remaining material is being drilled preparative to blasting, and most of the blasting will be done after the water is about 8 ft. deep. Excavation first began in the Culebra cut on Jan. 20, 1882, by the French, and has continued with only six years interruption (1889-1895) to the present time. During the operation of the two French companies about 17,000,000 cu. yds. of material were taken from this section useful to the present line of canal. On May 4, 1904, when the Americans took charge there were about 700 men employed in excavation work using side excavators served by small French dump cars and Belgian locomotives. Work was continued: with THE MARINE REVIEW lack of proper transportation facilities. October, 1913. the equipment left by the French until it could be gradually replaced with modern steam shovels, engines and cars. The first American steam shovel was placed in op- eration on Nov. 11, 1904, and the last of the French excavators was discontinued on June 16, 1905. On Aug. 1, 1905, there were 11 American steam shovels at work, but their output was greatly handicapped by Work in the cut did not begin on a large scale until February, 1907, and from that time until 1911, when the maximum output was reached, there was a steady increase in the amount of material excavated, as new equipment was installed. The following table shows the amount of material removed from the Culebra cut by Americans from the beginning of operations in 1904 to the suspension of steam shovel work on Sept. 10: Year, Cu. yds. TOA sua eee Pa Es 243,472 OOS cee ew ee Ce os os, ee oe ee 1,084,428 TOOG ce Wee a. cn eee See OE Sc 2,702,991 USO eee ke ic oe Ot Oe Se 9,177,130 VOOR eee eee eS a Lk ek lhc ee 13,912,453 TO OO ee ee eee Ss ks s SRR eee eS 14,557,034 DOU Ge ee ec oo os Ee Se hae oes 15,398,599 OD ee ee ee oe RL ee eae ok wee ee 16,596,891 Ne ee so a es weal ow ee 15,028,413 LOIS CLO Sept 0) oe. eee ee es ek hs 8,348,190 Eta ieee eS ee a Oi 97,049,601 Efficient aud Smokeless Combustion One of the most distressing features of urban life is the smoke nuisance, and it is needless to say that most of it is unnecessary. If a furnace is emitting vast quantities of smoke, combustion is inefficient and there is something wrong. Among the great offend- ers within the city limits are the railroads and in cities having navigable rivers, the tugs. For this reas- on railway Managers, steamship men, designing and operating engineers, and fuel departments of industrial concerns may be greatly interested in the report just issued by the United States bureau of mines as Bulle- tin 22 on the analysis of mines in the United States with description of mine and field samples collected between July 1, 1904, and June 13, 1910. This: re- port contains the analysis of 5,000 samples of coal taken from 1,500 coal mines and prospects situated in the various coal fields of the United States. Prac- tically all of the more important mining districts are represented in the report. _The purpose of the bureau in publishing and com- piling this information is to present reliable data re- garding the chemical composition and heating value of the coals. Wie Samples of coals were collected - experienced men according to a definite and uni- trolled <one e Co analyzed under carefully con- i aoe there might be no question s of the different coals so far as this can be obtained by chemical analysis and de- termination of heating values,