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434 Lake Huron occurred in a very con- gested area, and as no one could see through the blinding snow, there is a possibility that one or more vessels THE MARINE REVIEW side down will no doubt be debated in marine circles for many years to come. If her cargo shifted in rolling and she took in water, one would December, 1913 first. How she remained afloat upside down as long as she did is also a topic of discussion in many quarters. The theory generally credited is that I am master of the steamer Howard M. Hanna Jr., and have been master of lake vessels for about 25 years and have been in - the employ of Capt. Richardson's fleet for 12 years as master of dif- ferent vessels. We left Lorain, bound for Fort William, Ont., on Saturday, Nov. 8, 1913, at about ten o'clock a. m., loaded with 9,120 tons of soft coal, and with a full complement of officers and crew, 25 men, in- cluding myself. We were draw- ing 18 ft. 9 in. forward and 19 ft. 2 in. aft. We had taken on fuel at Lorain and had about 325 tons of coal for our fuel bunker and we had plenty of fuel to make the round trip, and with provisions enough to last at least 20 days as we did not want to get any pro- visions at Fort William, and so we took enough to make the round trip. On leaving, the ves- sel. was in ideal trim for en- countering heavy weather. The cargo had been loaded so_ that it was up flush with the hatch coamings, with the exception of 6, 7 and 9, and the way the car- go had been loaded there was no chance of cargo shifting. The hatches had been battened down and we had tarpaulins with hatch bars and windy youngs; the bars were placed three athwartships on each hatch and three windy youngs fore and aft on each hatch, and everything was se- cured. Everything movable had was as staunch and seaworthy as possible. Upon getting out into Lake Huron the weather was good, the: wind' was west of north, maybe a 15-mile breeze off the land. We passed Fort Gratiot lightsaip at o7!2' a; 'm.,-of Nov. 9. The weather continued fair and clear until after passing Harbor Beach, but had shifted, first S. E. for a few. minutes, then i tnen.. N. .N.. -E,;.. and then continued about that di- rection with increasing velocity. We passed Harbor Beach at about 11:00 2. m., but at: this time the wind was_ increasing gradually trom.a N. N. E.. direc- tion. Up until three o'clock there had been slight flurries of snow, but nothing unusual. At three o'clock it began to snow heavily so we couldn't see more than a mile or two and the wind was N. N. E. and increasing. We passed Point Aux Barques somewhere about 2 p. m., and proper lashings and the vessel Capt. Hagen's Statement about 5 miles off -Point Aux Barques, our compass course be- ings No x W. 71g) W.. We. had changed our course at Harbor Beach to this and as the wind increased we had hauled more to the northward to hold her head to the wind. - Between 7 and 8 p. m., with it snowing so we couldn't see the land and could not tell just where we were and could not tell just how fast we were go- ing, but we were possibly 15 miles above Point Aux Barques. The wind and sea had increased so that the vessel began drop-- ping off her course, although the "engines were being worked at full speed ahead. Tremendous seas were coming over our bow and our starboard quarter and over the whole vessel in fact, and the seas had carried away part of our after cabin and had broken in our pilot house win- dow and had torn off the top of the pilot house. 'Then shortly aiter 8 oclock she dropped off so that she came around into the trough of the sea. We had been taking seas over us right along and we had been using our siphons and pumps, but we knew she was tak- ing in water by the way the pumps worked. After she got into the trough of the sea she commenced to roll and tumble and the seas were washing over her, and on account of throwing her propeller wheel out of the water and losing her headway it became impossible for us to bring her back so as to head into the sea or to keep her off before the sea, although we made every effort to do so that was possi- ble. Wl lay in the trough of the sea, rolling heavily, with the sea washing over. Shortly before 10 o'clock we could see Port Austin light and the bearing of the light was near- ly 0. W.-08 our port bow and as we saw that we were pretty close to Fort Austin reef: I or-, dered the first mate to drop our anchors and the first mate went down into the windlass room and let. go the port anchor. in order to try to bring her head to the wind. She didn't come up only about a point and in a very short time, about 10 o'clock p. m., she drifted broadside onto Port Austin reef, and as she lay on the rocks she was_ headed N. W. x W., and the light was bearing S. W. The port side fetched up on the rocks first and the seas and wind pounded her un- til the vessel went up onto the reef, leaving a list to starboard of about a foot, and m a very short time she filled with water. The water was right up to the deck and the hatches were all washed off. After we went on the forward crew all came up into the texas to get shelter and remained there Gntil about 2 p.m. the "after- noon 'of "the (10th: The after crew all remained aft in the mess room and kitchen, and after we fetched up we had no communica- tion with the other end of the boat until Monday forenoon, when the weather moderated somewhat and the third engineer worked his way forward with food. In the afternoon the weath- er had moderated so that the forward crew were able to get aft and we all went aft and re- mained there with the after crew in the kitchen and mess room until Tuesday morning, Nov. 11. After daylight the mate went up on the after cabin with some of the crew and they cleared the ice and water out of the port lifeboat, and at about 7:30. they got the lifeboat lowered, and the two mates, two wheelsmen, boats- wain, third engineer, two fire- men -and a watchman got the boat away and started for shore to procure assistance for the rest of the crew. They got ashore and landed on the beach near Port Austin, By the time our lifeboat got ashore the life sav- ing crew started out and got to our boat about 10 o'clock. When we left the vessel was broken in two about the after side of No. 7 hatch; you could see the crack across the deck and down the side. The smokestack was gone; also the life rafts and the starboard lifeboat had been washed away, and she had about afoot to a foot and. a half star- yboard list, with her bows _ prob- ably 6 to 7 feet lower than her stern, and half of the fuel hatch and the boiler house had been carried away; also the starboard side of the cabin and the: after end of the cabin, leaving just the kitchen and the mess room gee the. "hard coal box. « The houses forward were all. stove in, the windows and doors knocked off, the top of the pilot house gone, the bulwarks forward were all driven in, and, in my opin- ion, the vessel is a total loss. may have been in collision. One thing alone is known and that is that one of the ships actually turned turtle. How she came to turn absolutely up- naturally think that she would settle on her beam's end; if she took in water through sprung _ rivets, she would probably founder, sinking stern Sh a ig GI Bae a Be ae a her stern rested on the bottom and that the forward part of her was kept afloat by the buoyancy of her tanks and she settled gradually as the air