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February, 1914 land, 2,143 miles; to Melbourne, Aus- tralia, 2,770 miles, and to Yokohama, Japan, 3,768 miles. There is prac- tically no choice, however, in actual distances between the Panama and Suez routes in the steaming distances from New York to Hong Kong, China, and Manila. The value of the canal in a com- mercial way to the United States in developing new territory will lie large- ly in reaching the ports on the west coast of South America. The first important port of the Pacific coast: of South America is Guayaquil, Ecua- dor. A. steamship bound from New York to Guayaquil going through the canal will be obliged to steam only 2,810 instead of 10,215 miles via Ma- New OQfleans the saving would be 8,400 nifles; from Liverpool, 5,198 miles, and from Hamburg, 5,060 miles. Callao, the principal port of Peru; -and the next important port south of Guayaquil, is only 3,363 miles from New York via the Panama canal, whereas it is 9,613 miles via Magellan. From New Orleans the distance saved to Callao is 7,245 miles; from Liver- pool, 7,443 miles, and from Hamburg, 3,905 miles. Valparaiso, the chief port of Chili, is. only 4,633 miles distant via Panama, representing a saving of 3,747 miles over the Magellan route. The world will await with interest the development of the Latin coun- tries by reason of the opening of the canal. Their foreign trade at present amounts to about $750,000,000, of which the United States' share is about $277,000,000. These countries will undoubtedly want in quantities our manufactures, while we will want their fruits and spices and especially their beef, as the cattle ranges are fast disappearing in the United States. The countries. on the west coast of South America are much larger than the layman believes. For instance, the state of Bolivia is larger in area than Germany, France, Italy 'and Spain combined, or to put it in another way, larger than the states of California, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, Ari- zona, Oregon and Washington com- bined. Chili is greater than Califor- nia and Montana combined, though Chili on the map is merely a narrow strip of land on the west coast of South America. Peru is equal to the combined areas of France, Germany and Austria, or Texas, Nevada, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico. Colombia has twice the area of the German Empire. The latest available statistics show that the annual over-sea trade of Aus- tralia amounts approximately to $672,- 000,000; of China, $568,000,000; of increasing THE MARINE REVIEW Japan, $461,000,000; New Zealand, $196,000,000; British Columbia, $33,- 000,000; the Pacific coast of the United States, $154,000,000; the Philippines, $76,000,000; Hawaii, $70,000,000; Alas- ka, $31,000,000. This makes a grand total of approximately $2,250,000,000. Railroad Lake Lines The Pennsylvania railroad has ap- plied to the Interstate Commerce Commission for permission to retain the Erie & Western Transportation Co., which operates a fleet of package carriers on the great lakes under the title of the Anchor Line. This peti- tion has been filed in view of the s oe - close approach of the time when rail- gellan, a saving of 7,405 miles. From: roads must cease the control of steamship lines under the Panama Canal Act, which goes into effect July 1 next. It will be heard Feb. 17. The Pennsylvania System is un- doubtedly taking this position not alone on its own behalf, but on behalf of the other railroads operating fleets of package freighters on the lakes. The claim of the Pennsylvania is that its lake line complies with the Pan- ama Act. Jt should be understood that there are no independent pack- age freight lines on the great lakes. All of the package freight lines are 47 merely adjuncts to the railroads which have placed ships on the lakes as an economic extension of their service to points not reached by their tracks. Obviously none of the ports on the thousand miles of waterway could be reached as cheaply by frail as by water. Two years ago a complaint was made by Minneapolis millers that the rate to Buffalo was disproportionate as to rail and lake haul, and they chartered two. vessels to operate be- tween Duluth and Buffalo in the flour trade, meanwhile making an issue of the subject before the Interstate Com- merce Commission. As soon as its contention. was established, the line was discontinued and no independent line has operated since. In point of fact the nature. of the business is such that it cannot be very well handled in any other way than it is now being handled, and the only point to be considered is as to whether the rate charge is reasonable for the service rendered. Whatever the decision will be, the business will undoubtedly be transacted as hereto- fore, though there may be change in the form of management. In fact, pending the decision, some of the lines have already undergone tenta- tive reorganization. COMPARATIVE DISTANCES (IN NAUTICAL MILES) IN THE WORLD'S SEA TRAFFIC AND DIFFERENCE IN DISTANCES VIA PANAMA CANAL AND OTHER PRINCIPAL ROUTES. From New ® New - Liver- Ham- To. Via. York. © Orleans. pool. burg. Suez. Panama. Seattle. 22.36 323 Macellan on eek. 13,953 14,369 14,320 14,701 15,397 poe : Patainae yo ee te 6,080 57501 8,654 9,173 10,447 4,063 "Distance = saved... ... 7,873 8,868 5,666 5,528 4,950 een : F iscov Magellan oc, 4G es es 13,135 13,551 13,502 13,883 14,579 euy en ee le as Pons EE Os ee 5,262 4,683 7,836 8,355 9,629 3,245 Distance saved........ 7,873 8,868 5,666 | 5,528 4,950 pees he as Mavellans:s..n ees 135302 13,728 13,679 14,060 14,756 eas Hepes Panes Bae eke bios We OS GES 6,702, G,123 = 9,276 9,795 11,069 4,685 Distance' saved........ 6,610 7,605 4,403 4,265 3,687 Bou. Tate Magellan cic, ecco. 105215 10,631 10,582 10,963 11,659 roe: eae Panna Vee A ee Oe 2,810 2,231 5,384 5,903 9,192 793 Distance "saveds... 52.4 7,405 8,400 5,198 5,060 3 2. 2;40¢ sae Callao. oc Magéllan <2. ee 95613 10,029 9,980 10,361 11,057 Bnei Panda: fence ae ue aes 3,303 2,784 5,937 6,456 7,730 1,346 Distance saved,....... 6,250 7,245 4,043 3,905 33320. es iSO Magellan 7.27-3..3 22. 8,380 8,796 8,747 9,128 9,824 ees dead Dea Soetecte ete ouesrerea ns 4,633 4,054 7,207 7,726 9,000 2,616 Distance saved........ 3,747 4,742 1,540 1,402 824 sales Gabon Maccieg (0 11344 44e0 ~~ shies ila eee Suc UEP aes tees eats Sec aie 12,989 ee aia pei Panama s.c.cape 8,857 8,272 11,425 11,944 9,205 6,834 Distance. "saved... 23. ; 2,493 3,488 1,564 1,409 489 esas Melbourne.....- Cape Good Hope..... 13,162 14,095 Sia 11,845 8,186 oa Suez eee te ea er eee sg 11,654 ee Geir iies Pananian (acces eee es 10,392 9,813 12,966 13,452 10,713 8,342 Distance saved........ 2,770 4,282 1,312 1,607 2,927 bas Manilacc: -s-4:-: Suez ie i 11,589 12,943 9,701 9,892 6,233 tau Panama sa ce cies 11,548 10,969 14,122 14,608 11,869 9,370 Distance. "savedss. 77.2; 41 1,974 4,421 4,716 5,636 aie kona. -; Suez ee 11,673 13,031 9,785 9,976 6,317 eat Bees PE 1,691 11,112 . 13957 44443 41704 6178 Distance -- saved....<,.; 18 1,919 4,172 4,467 5,387 Zee ohana. «i... Sues 3 ee 13,566 14,924 11,678 11,869 8,210 ee poe Patlana =. 7.3... 9,798 9,219 12,372 13,858 11,119 7,660 Distance "saved,.:.. <.. 3,768 5,705 694 1,989 2,909 ween Panama... -:- 3. Patiama (v.22. 2.017 1,438 4,591 5,110 6,387 case