The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

April, 1914 powerful searchlights. The ventila- tion and heating are by means of blowers and thermo tanks. A_ wire- less telegraphic outfit is part of the equipment. The complement of the véssel will consist of 55 officers and 800 men. It was the lessons taught by the tests made upon the old battleship Texas that brought about the design of this class of dreadnoughts. It will be remembered that the name of the old Spanish war veteran was changed to San Marcos; that she was THE MARINE REVIEW anchored over a shoal in Chesapeake bay and made a target of by the bat- tleships of the Atlantic fleet.. The effect of the shell fire upon her steel turrets and armored sides was care- fully noted and the disposition of the armor on these newer vessels was the result. : Lessons Taught by Tests The side armor, 13 in. in thick- ness, extends for a length of more than 400 ft. The bases of the outer- most turrets are thus: -protected, as .the armor extends beyond these for 139 a considerable distance and to where steel bulkheads cross. The armor 13- in. extends 9 ft. above the surface and 8 ft. 6 in. below. The armor of the gun turrets are 13 in. in thickness; that of the bar- bettes, 18 in. The conning tower and signal stations have 16-in. armor and all communications are similarly protected. Owing to the economy of boiler weights and the space gained by the single funnel, there is a very large deck area, and the guns have larger arcs of fire. > The Storm of November 7-10 N FRIDAY morning, Nov. 7, 1913, a storm was centered over southeastern Minnesota. It was in no wise different from many other storms which in the course of a year approach the lake region from the west. The winds over Lakes Michigan, Huron and Superior were mostly southerly, and of force com- monly expressed as light to fresh. A little rain had fallen and the weather was cloudy. Warnings: The proximity of the storm to the great lakes, and the probability that it would increase in energy as it moved eastward, caused the forecaster to telegraph, at 10 a. m. Friday, the following warning to all lake stations except those along the western portion of Lake Superior, "Hoist storm warnings, 10 a m., storm over upper Mississippi valley, moving northeast, brisk to high south- west winds this afternoon and to- night, shifting to northwest Saturday on upper lakes. Warnings ordered throughout great lakes." A similar warning was telegraphed to stations along the western portion of Lake Superior, except the direction of the winds was made northwest 1n- stead of southwest. The life of a warning is 24 hours unless previously lowered by direction of. the forecaster. The warnings of Friday would, therefore, expire by limitation at 10 a. m. Saturday, unless otherwise directed by telegraph. No warning is lowered, however, i, at the time of its expiration, the wind 1s blowing with storm force. During the daylight hours of Friday, Nov. 7, the storm moved northeast- ward to the vicinity of Marquette, Its Origin, Track and Character Defined by an Expect in Meteorology By Alfred J. Henry, United States Weather Bureau Mich., where it. was central at 8 p. m. 75th meridian time, Friday night. Up to that time, with the single exception of a 60-mile wind at Duluth, Minn., there had been no high winds on any of the other lakes, and no extraordin- ary weather had been reported. Moving Slowly Eastward During the night hours of Friday, the storm moved slowly eastward, and was central Saturday morning in the vicinity of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich, with lowest pressure 29.45 inches. The winds were southwest to south; rain was falling over Lakes Huron and Erie, and northwest winds with snow prevailed over the eastern portion of Lake Superior. At this time Saturday morning the winds were not particu- larly dangerous, the highest velocity reported being 38 miles per hour at. Marquette, Mich. Moreover, the ba- rometric gradient indicated consider- ably stronger winds than were actually experienced, and this fact, from the forecaster's point of view, was the only disturbing feature of the situa- tion. Nevertheless, at 10 a. m. Satur- day morning an order was telegraphed to all stations along the western por- tion of Lake Superior to continue the northwest warnings that had been fly- ing since 10 a. m. Friday, and an or- der was also sent by telegraph to change the direction of the indicated winds from the southwest to the northwest on the eastern portion of Lake Superior, over the whole of Lake Michigan and Huron, and on Lake Erie as far east as Cleveland. South- west warnings were also ordered to be continued from Erie to Oswego. The life of these warnings, therefore, extended to. 10:a: m. Sunday, Nov, 9. During the daylight hours of Satur- day the storm changed direction and moved very slowly southeastward from Sault Ste. Marie; it was central at 8 p. m. Saturday night in the vicinity of Alpena, Mich., with lowest pressure 29.52 inches, a slight rise in pressure since morning. Still the force of the winds was not so great as the pres- sure distribution indicated. The high- est wind velocity was 42 miles per hour from the northwest, at Mar- quette, Mich. On Lake Michigan the wind attained a velocity of 34 miles per hour from the northwest and north, at Escanaba, and 36 miles per hour from the northwest at Green Bay. On Lake Erie a velocity of 44 miles per hour from the southwest was recorded at Toledo, O. No storm velocities were recorded on Lakes Huron and Ontario. During Saturday afternoon the southern end of the storm, then over Georgia, appeared to be increasing in intensity, so much so that at 9:30 p. m., at which time it had reached the South Carolina coast, northwest storm warnings were hoisted from Fort Monroe, Va., to Southport, N. C. Between 8 p. m. Saturday and 8 a. m. Sunday the southern end of the storm increased very much in inten- sity and moved rapidly northward to Virginia, where it was located Sun- day morning. Pressure at its center had diminished to 29.10 inches, and it was attended by rain from Florida to the lower lakes. Instead of moving from Virginia northeastward to the -- New Jersey coast, a course that is followed perhaps in 90 per cent of storms which are centered in Virginia.