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356 end of one of the piles of hatch covers in the open or supported position and jumped in unison without distorting the bars in the least. The new device is applicable to all vessels, new or old, having steel hatches and cost of the installation is extremely moderate. In fact, in new construction, these supports are found to cost less than those usually fitted. For permis- sion to use, terms of royalty, etc. ap- plication should be made direct to the Manitowoc Ship Building & Dry Dock Co., at Manitowoc, Wis. Pneumercator Weighing Machine We have recently received a most interesting booklet, describing a new instrument, which is being placed on the market by the Pneumercator Company, of No. 118 Liberty street, New York. We are informed that the pneumercator has been thoroughly tested out in actual service, for over six months and _ that its operation has been most satisfactory. Feeling that this instrument will be of PNEUMERCATOR * THE MARINE REVIEW great interest to the carriers of bulk cargoes on the Great Lakes, a descrip- tion of the instrument itself and its operation is given herewith. The in- strument is made in various models, Model D-1 and T-1, being shown in the illustrations. Model D-1 is guaranteed to measure the forward and aft draft of a vessel to within one inch and to register the mean draft and corresponding tons dis- placed to the same degree of accuracy in either fresh or salt water. It also shows the trim and list of the vessel under all conditions. It weighs and measures bulk cargoes, such as coal, ore, grain, lumber, molasses :and oil. It also weighs and measures bunkers of either coal or oil and will, at the same time, give a check on the consumption of same. This model is also of the greatest value as a navigating instru- ment as the trim and draft of the vessel can be ascertained at all times. In case of accident, due to collision or grounding, the pneumercator will in- MODEL D-I September, 1914 stantly give warning if the ship is leak- ing badly, and after the pumps are started, will also show whether they are controlling the leak or not. The Model D-I contains two glass tubes in which the mercury, actuated by a col- umn of air in the small pipes leading to the balance chambers rises in direct ratio to the draft of the ship. Beside each of these tubes is a carefully cali- brated and legible scale, reading in feet and inches, the smallest division being usually one-half inch. The tops of these tubes are marked "forward" and "aft" respectively. By noting the height of mercury in these tubes the forward and aft draft are instantly read. Placed equidistant between these draft scales is a third scale calibrated on one side in feet and inches and on the other side in tons--2,240 pounds. By setting the knife-edge pointers, traveling on rods, exactly at the height of mercury in the two draft tubes the central knife edge automatically and accurately registers the mean draft and the corresponding tons displaced. As the measurement of the sub- merged portion of the ship gives the weight of the ship and all it contains, it follows that it is possible to know the correct amount of cargo taken from the ship or put aboard the ship, between two successive readings of the draught, if the draught is known correctly, and this the pneumercator will show. In reading the draught by the ordinary means from the marks on the stem and stern-post, an error of an inch is com- inom, and an error -ot "from: 3 40° 4 inches very often occurs if there is a little roughness of the water. As the pneumercator shows the cor- rect draughts, its use should prevent both overloading and underloading. In case a _ ship is wunderloaded, it means, that on that particular voyage, she did not carry as much cargo as she was entitled to carry, and therefore both the shipper and the owner may have sustained a loss, which the information that the pneumercator gives, would pre- vent. Among other vessels upon which this instrument has been installed are the steamers Herman Frasch, Frieda, Harfleur and Harley of the Union Sul- phur Co.'s fleet and a letter from J. R. Gordon, traffic manager, indicates that the company is thoroughly satisfied with its usefulness. On the last cargo of ore which the steamer Harfleur carried from Narvik to Philadelphia the shipper's bill of lading called for 6,567 tons while the pneumercator registered 6,565 tons. The outturn at Philadel- phia, weighed on the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad Co.'s_ scales, was 6.557 tons. On the last bunkering which the Harfleur made at Newport