The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

380 unsupported plating of 20 square feet. In the bottom the rules call for an. intercostal girder for tank not exceed- ing 36 feet, and again considering the slant of the margin plate there will be 40 feet of shell plating between the center girder and tank margin. In Fig. 1 the longitudinal frames are spaced 32 inches apart and the transverses 76.375 inches, leaving only 17 feet square of unsupported plating. On the side between the. tank side and deck there is the same spacing of longitudinal frames, but the trans- verses are double the spacing than in the bottom, but this is made up with the fenders. The deck stringer plate has an un- supported area of 24 square feet, but with added strength of the longitudi- nals inway of the hatches it will be shown that it is very much in favor of the lengthwise arrangement. - The transverse framed section shows one strake more of outside plating than the other. The rules call for the outside plating not to exceed 54 inches on a vessel of these dimensions. It would seem that the side plating unsupported in a vertical direction would be more apt to buckle than horizontally when the vessel, was ex- periencing sagging strains. The nar- row plates would contribute a little stiffening and assist the plating some. The narrow plate laps would also add to the strength of the plating over the broader plate which will be shown later-on. Width of Plating The width of the plating on the longitudinally framed vessel is gov- erned by the frame spacing. The laps of the plating require to be a suitable distance away from the longi- tudinal to insure good workmanship. The thickness of the materials is given by the rules in decimals of an inch, while on the lakes the weight Per Square foot is the custom: It would seem that the decimal system is more correct for the adding or sub- tracting of a few pounds would not be so noticeable as a decimal. Again, one is more apt to assume a_ stand- ard of 2% pounds, as: twenty, 22.5, 30 pounds and so on. The transverse framing section, as per rule, shows the stringer 48 x 44 inches thick; sheer strake, 41 x 50 inches thick, while on the longitudinal section, Fig. 1, the stringer plate is 72 x 55 inches thick, and the sheer strake, 48 x 55 inches thick. The wide stringer has become a custom on the Great Lakes, and as the butts are clear of the hatches and the deck plating forming a passing strake, no fault has been found nor THE MARINE REVIEW harm apparently done so far. The sheer strake was made in width to suit the longitudinal frame spacing. The keel plate by rule is 41 x .68 inches thick, while the other shows 36 x .674 inches thick. © The plating on the longitudinal sec- tion shows .429 and .367 instead of .46 and .375. : The transverse framing section is for salt water and again the lake ves- sel shows very little decay compared to a salt water vessel. Twenty-one and a half per cent is allowed over the estimated weights so that the lake , vessel when completed will compare with the other, for the percentage is seldom found under as a rule. Steamer Cristobal Remodeled The steamer Cristobal of the Pan- ama Steamship Line, which is an ad- junct of the Panama railroad, has been transformed into a transport at the yard of the Robins Dry Dock & Re-. pair o,, frie, Basin, N.Y, The Cris- tobal was formerly the Tremont of the Boston Steamship Co.'s fleet and was originally a freight carrier ex- clusively. She was later fitted with passenger quarters amidships with ac- commodations for about 100 passen- gers. When taken over by the Isth- mian Canal Commission she was used principally for carrying cement to the canal zone, though her passenger quarters were always comfortably filled. Her interior has now been en- tirely remodeled to accommodate 2,200 passengers and the work was rushed in, the brief interval of six days. She can accommodate 2,034 passengers in her upper and lower 'tween decks, 726 berths being fitted in the upper 'tween deck, 1,272 in the lower 'tween deck and 36 in a hospital located in upper *tween deck forward. The berths are of the iron Standee type which can be raised and folded when not in use. Ventilation is by means of air ducts laid along the side of the ship and fed by motor-driven fan located on the upper deck forward. There also had to be fitted in each of the four compartments, wash rooms, showers and toilet rooms. Each deck was equipped with a-new pantry while an entirely new steam galley had to be installed with cooking ranges, steam kettles and bake ovens. Provision also had to be made for electric light- ing in the improvised passenger quar- ters and the old steerage dining room completely refitted. That the work could have been done in six days is extremely gratifying and shows after all that American yards can be relied upon to remodel vessels with great October, 1914 rapidity should it become necessary to turn them into transports. Torpedo Boat Destroyer Lance Probably no warship ever launched went into action more quickly than the British torpedo boat destroyer Lance. She was. delivered from fThornycroft's yard on Aug. 1 and on Aug. 5 she sank the Konigin Luise, which was laying mines in the North Sea, being the first naval casualty. The British cruiser Amphion was shortly thereafter blown up by one of the mines that the Konigin Luise had laid, killing 130. men, The Am- phion was built in 1911 by Haw- thorne, Leslie & Co., and was of 3,440 tons displacement. Her com- mander, Capt. C. H. Fox, was saved and has since been given command of the destroyer Faulkner. Capt. Fox has had a rather strenuous .career of it. He was a midshipman on the British cruiser Calliope, which es- caped from Apia, Samoa in 1889 from that terrible storm which devastated the island and settled the impending quarrel between the United States and Germany by wrecking all their warships. The American and Ger- man ships remained in the harbor but the Calliope went out to meet the storm. Her passage through the narrow channel in the coral reef to the open sea was a marvel of seaman- ship, but she fought the great hurri- cane successfully, returning to Apia the next day to find that the rest of the fleet had been torn from their moorings and blown high on _ the rocks where at least one of them may be seen to this day. Torpedo Boat Destroyer Ericssen The torpedo boat destroyer Ericsson was launched from the works of the New York Shipbuilding Co., Camden, NYP on Saturday, Aug. 22; last. 'She is a torpedo boat destroyer of the larger class, 300 feet in length, 30 feet in breadth and of 1,100 tons displacement. A speed of 29 knots is anticipated, a twin-screw Parsons' turbine drive being fitted. Steam is supplied by four Thornycroft type boilers. The vessel is armed with rapid-fire guns and deck torpedo tubes, and is expected to be ready for service by the end of the year. The George Stratford Oakum_ Co., Jersey City, N. J., announces that they use rope made of Russian and Italian hemp, tarred or untarred, but that they cannot use any jute, manila, sisal, isal, or other hard fibre. They do not use bale rope or any rope less than one inch diameter.