The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

448 feet diameter, with Bull's metal blades. The numerous' auxiliary engines, which, for the greater part, are on the rotary principle, are driven by steam 'turbines or: electro-motors. The con- 'denser air pumps are rotary pumps of THE MARINE REVIEW The' Capsizing of Damaged Ships Since the outbreak of hostilities many vessels have been sunk at sea.) Reports show that in the majority of cases they have settled down at one end and SOCIAL HALL OF KONIGIN EMMA the Westinghouse-Leblanc system, and the centrifugal feed pumps are driven by De Laval steam turbines. There are also Woodeson's auxiliary steam pumps. The circulation pumps and Lallast pump are operated electrically, and the fan for the forced draft may be driven either by steam or electric- ity. The electric current for the aux- iliary engines and lighting is supplied by four dynamos of 100 kilowatt each, driven by A. E. G. steam turbines. There are six steam winches for dis- charging cargo, and six hydraulic cranes by Messrs. Brown Bros. & Co. Messrs. Hastie have supplied. the steam steering gear with telemotors, and the electric hydraulic steering gear is on the Hele-Shaw system. The refrigerating plant for provisions and cargo is very complete and has been -supplied by Messrs. Freundlich, of Dusseldorf. The doors in the water- tight bulkheads can be closed from the bridge simultaneously by hydraulic pressure on the Stone-Lloyd system. -For the disinfection of the various compartments a separate system of 'piping discharges Marrot gas into all compartments. A complete steam 'heating arrangement has been fitted by Messrs. Noske, of Hamburg. The Konigin Emma has been built to the designs of Mr. M. A. Cornelissen, naval architect, and Mr. S. G. Visker, superintending engineer of the Nether: "lands Stéamship Co. finally disappeared. There are, however, three or four instances of vessels cap- sizing after being damaged. 'The state- ment issued by the Press Bureau in regard to the action between the Car- mania and Cap Trafalgar contains the words "The action lasted one hour and December, 1914 Dutch coast, points out that the Aboukir and Hogue turned turtle, while the captain of the Dutch trawler Flora saw the Cressy suddenly heel over and go down, and the chief gunner and doctor of the Cressy both report that their vessel turned over. The former also saw the Aboukir capsize. A member of the crew of H. M. S. Lowestoft stated that when they arrived the Aboukir had disappeared, and only the bottoms of the other two could be seen. This sea- man also stated that the Aboukir kept afloat for 25 minutes, and the other two sank within five minutes of being hit. These times may not be quite accu- rate, but they are probably near the truth. In: the case of the Cressy, the period of five minutes would be taken from the time when the vessel was struck a second time, since the first hit was not very effective. To these inci- dents may be added the recent sinking of a liner by collision, which capsized so quickly that it was impossible to find time to launch the lifeboats. Settles Fore or Aft Now, it has generally been taken as a well demonstrated fact that when a vessel is damaged underwater she settles down by the bow or the stern, but does not capsize. This has been placed on record as the opinion of the present Bulkhead Committee, all the members of which produced evidence early this year to show that there was no known case of a vessel having been bilged in FIRST-CLASS DINING SALOON OF THE KONIGIN EMMA forty-five minutes, when the German ship capsized and sank." The Rotter- dam correspondent of the Times, in writing the story of the regrettable loss of the three British cruisers off the service and then capsizing. The regu- lations laid down by the International Conference for the Safety of Life at 'Sea make no provision for preserving the stability after bilging. At the recent a a A