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December, 1914 rial coasting trade. The figures, how- ever, are instructive as showing the extent of foreign tonnage calling at ports in the United Kingdom. In the trade with Germany 2,478,861 tons en- tered this 'country with cargoes, and 5,757,151 tons. cleared for Germany with cargoes, of which the German flag was responsible for 820,888 tons and 2,275,226 tons respectively. Of the vessels entering from the Nether- lands with cargo, 1,398,153 tons out of a total of 3,140,511 tons were under the German flag, and 1,518,604 tons out of a total of 3,492,305 tons cleared with cargoes were German owned. German steamers also constituted by far the largest tonnage amongst for- eign ships engaged in the trade be- tween this country and Pacific ports, German West Africa, Belgium, Canary Islands, Egypt, America, China, United States, Mexico, Chile and Argentine. The Vaterland -- The Vaterland is driven by quadruple turbine engines, making normally 185 rey- olutions per minute. The propelling ma- chinery is accommodated in three engine- rooms, the foremost one of which is 69 feet long and the two others 95 feet long. The total forward normal effort amounts to 72,000 horsepower, which gives an average speed of 23% knots. The backward effort of all astern turbines amounts to 35,000 horsepower. The steam at "going ahead" passes first to a high-pressure turbine on one of the inner shafts, then an intermediate-pressure turbine on the other inner shaft, and then passes equally divided on to two low- pressure turbines on the outer shafts. Each separate shaft is available, how- ever, by itself for running or maneu- vring. The astern turbines are sub- divided into two equal high-pressure and low-pressure turbines, the low pressure being arranged on the outer shafts. The total turbine installation has 760,000 bronze blades. The thrust bearings, which have to take up the thrust of the propellers, have a _ sur- face of about 75 square feet altogether. The exhaust steam is condensed in four condensers of pear-shaped sec- tion, each having a cooling surface of 16,150 square feet. Four centrifugal pumps of 4 feet 3 inches diameter, driven by two engines, supply the cooling water for the condensers. Four double-feed pumps draw the feed water from the tanks in the double bottom, and, in conjunction with four main feed pumps, deliver it into the boilers. It is interesting to note that on her trials extending over two days, at the end of April, from the mouth of the Elbe to the coast of Norway and THE MARINE REVIEW back, she averaged a speed of 25.8 knots. Against a 60-mile-an-hour gale, she averaged 25.4 knots, with wind behind reached 26.3 knots. The ves- sel behaved magnificently under all conditions experienced on her trials. The engines developed 90,000 horse- power, worked without hitch and' en- tire absence of vibration. - Boilers---There are 46 single water- tube boilers arranged in four rooms, each 75 feet long and extending with their bunkers over the whole width of the ship. The necessary steam is gen- erated at a pressure of 235 pounds on the inch. The total heating surface is 203,000 square feet., and the total grate area 3,760 square feet. The air required for, the. forced draught | is BOAT DECK Upper PROMENADE Lower PROMENADE Own Deck u. Deck Ut, DECK lv. DECK Vv. OECK Amidships Cross-Section of the Vaterland, Showing How the Funnels Divide to Avoid Passing Through the Cen- ter of the decks drawn by four fan blowers. Each of these blowers has a: fan of 13 feet 9144 inches diameter, and forces the air through channels of 45 square feet cross-section into the space under the grating of the furnaces. Four ash- ejector pumps with 6,356 cubic feet capacity per hour, 16 ash ejectors, six ash hoists and three ash-cooling valves are provided for removing the ashes from the furnaces overboard. Four steam bilge pumps, each of 4,944 cubic feet capacity per hour, continuously empty the bilges of the engine and boiler rooms. Four feed-water puri- fiers, two oil separators, as well as two mixing feed-water heaters and two economizers for heating the feed- water, are provided. Engine-Room Staff.--In the engine- room there are the chief engineer, three first engineers and 25 engineer officers, besides a small army of greas- 481 ers, stokers, trimmers, etc., numbering about 350. oe Electricity. -- An efficient electric lighting system contributes to the comfort and safety of the vessel. Cur- rent is generated by five turbine dyna- mos of 2,000 amperes and 110 volts, which serve to give power to 10,000 electric lamps on the ship. <A sixth dynamo of 100 amperes is placed far above the water line, insuring light even if the machines in the lower engine-room are disabled. A com- pletely fitted machine shop is situated in the forward engine room, contain- ing all the latest and most powerful machines, including lathes and drills, planers, etc. Panama Canal Folk fo Now | Tolls collected on tonnage through the canal from August 15, the date of its opening, to Nov. 1, amounted to $735,- 182.32. To this should be added tolls on freight transported through the canal prior to August 15, on barges operated by the Panama railroad, which amounted to $11,610.69, making the grand _ total of tolls collected to Nov. 1, $746,793.01. The collections in detail were as fol- lows: i Amount Prior "to: August 186). 07 $ 11,610.69 August 15; to August oh ye. 88 232.60 September ico ee 269,863 00 October 2) 2 377,086.72 Total Go $746,793.01 The collections in October show an increase over the previous month of $107,223.72, or about 40 per cent. The number of vessels that passed through the canal northward during October was 40; number southbound, 45, including three launches. Capt. George E. Burd has been ap- pointed industrial manager of the New York yard. Rear Admiral Usher will » remain commandant of the yard with supreme authority but will be relieved of the harrassing details of the man- agement of its 5,000 workmen. He will devote himself to purely naval ques- tions. Capt. Burd, an engineering of- ficer, has for some time been in charge of the machine shop in the New York yard. If the experiment proves success- ful construction officers will be ap- pointed for the other yards. The Racine-Truscott-Shell Lake Boat Co. are building a tug for the govern- ment engineer at Duluth to. be chris- tened the General Sears and to be 110 feet long and 26 feet beam, of steel construction throughout. Delivery is promised by June, 1915. \