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THE MARINE REVIEW Smoke Engineers Agree That It Can Be Done But No Two Would Use Same Method VOIDANCE of smoke would A decrease the radius of visi- bility of ocean carriers by many miles and greatly reduce their liability to attack by the German sub- marine, which although considerably less effective than it was earlier in the war, nevertheless remains some- thing of a menace. The maritime world, of course, is interested in any and all discussions of ways and means of defeating the undersea boats and the spring meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers at Worcester, Mass., June 4-7, provided such a discussion. The question asked was: How Can Soft Coal be Burned Without Smoke in Marine Boilers? Five written and two oral discussions were contributed, only one of which doubted the feasi- bility of burning soft coal in marine boilers with a complete elimination of smoke. But as to methods to be pur- sued, the "doctors" could not agree. Albert A. Cary, consulting engineer, 95 Liberty street, New York, urged that smoke elimination was _ possible through complete combustion in the furnaces and combustion chambers. nerican W P WILE the Pacinc coast. is making rapid headway in _.the production of steel, wood and concrete vessels for the rehabili- tation of the merchant marine, it is also active in the re-establishment of our position on the seas of a_ half century ago when native-born Amer- icans mianned vessels in every port. throughout the seven, seas. Three sailing craft out of San Francisco are now manned by entire crews of green hands, but every one of them is an American. Jt is true that the ves- sels are slightly overcrewed, but lat- est reports are that the lads are) taking so naturally to the new life that the masters are satisfied, The first vessel to leave a Pacific port with a full crew of green hands was the 900-ton schooner Inca. She carried seven landsmen. Then followed the full-rigged ship MONONGAHELA, manned completely by a crew of 32 green hands, experienced officers, cooks and four boatswains. The Mononca- HELA is a vessel of 2346 tons, taken % He admitted, though, that in the average types of marine boilers, with 'their present form of attached fur- naces this was well-nigh impossible to secure without sacrificing efficiency. At the same time he held that it was possible to make rational changes in the steam-generating equipments for new ships that will accomplish the desired results. He would work' along the lines of the latest successful de- velopments in land practice. This would involve some four or five feet more of head room in which to place the boilers and he would substitute mechanical for hand stoking in the boiler room. Other Methods Suggested Osborn Monnett, American Radiator Co., Chicago, advanced the underfeed principle as his solution of the prob- lem. _M. C..M_ .Hatch,--:Locomotive Pulverized Fuel Co,, New York, ex- pressed his belief in pulverized coal as the best means to the desired ends. Coal in pulverized form, he stated, induces the desirable intimate mix- ture of gases atid air very. 'early in the process of combustion. The ear- over' by the United States from the Germans when war was declared. With only a short training on San Francisco bay before sailing, Capt. R. P. Rasmus- sen sent back word by the pilot that Heave Away for R In Rio Grande, I'll take my stand, Heave away for Rio. Oh, Rio Grande, a happy, fair: land, We're bound for the Rio Grande. Heave away for Rio, - Heave away for Rio, So fare you well my bonny brown ~ maid, We're bound to Rio Grande. never had he made sail so quickly on any ship. he had commanded in his experience. Our Boys Have the Punch The next vessel to leave was the Turasuer, a 462-ton old whaler, long familiar on the San Francisco water- a AN @ =] yA €o @ Ex -- @ = a Cf oD eo September, 1918 lier that this mixture . occurs the smaller the volume of excess air nec- essary to complete combustion anq hold down furnace temperatures to workable limits, the greater is the amount of coal that can be fired with- out smoke, he claimed. Henry Kreis- inger, bureau of mines, Pittsburgh, would do away with hand-fired fur- naces and install either mechanical stokers or pulverized coal furnaces. It was the opinion of H. B. Qat- ley, chief engineer Locomotive Sy- perheater Co., New York, that at or above a normal rate of operation of the marine steam-generating plant a complete suppression of smoke was extremely difficult if not impossible, although he could see that with some changes in boilers, furnaces and equipment, which were being: intro- duced into new construction, that the amount of smoke could be greatly re- duced. Improvements in combustion in the power plants of boats now afloat were out of the question because of+the time and expense involved in. the changes. More economical use of steam, he believed would mean a re- duction in the amount of smoke. Hay- lett O'Neil, Larchmont, N. Y., spoke in favor of pulverized coal and J. S. Schumaker, S. D. Warren & Co., Cum- berland. Mills, Me., testified as to the merits of the air above fire method as a means of eliminating smoke from soft coal. front. With the coming of the war, and the ensuing renovation of every craft that would float, the THRASHER was rigged as a barkentine and _ left recently with a crew of eight recruits. Capt. George Townsend and .the two mates were the only experienced seamen aboard. Captain Townsend -. has been in service as a seaman, officer and master for more than 45 years. He knows a sailor when he sees one. After a short training before the vessel left port, he said: "When I get back to the United States this will be a regular crew. These boys will make the best sailors in the world. They go at their work with a snap and willingness which tells me that we have nothing to fear in the matter of making first-class sailors in the future." The Dominion Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., has been incorporated at Toronto, Ont. by J. M. Bullen, Norman S. Robertson and others of Toronto. The company was capitalized at $3,000,000.