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Se ee Pn ee ee PS ee i I aac le a a a a Se ee nen ae eee FOO SPOR Vg eet Shipyard Foundry and Machine Shop Makes Pespalleis as a By-Product --Spare Propellers for the AVY work carried on during the IND ee by shipyards on the east- ern coast. will doubtless be de- scribed in full at some future date. At the. present time, however, only partial information regarding this important branch of: war work has been made pub- lic. The»: plant; : of &' Séns Whip the William Cramp & Engine Building Co., Philadelphia, is one: which holds - much of interest, but concerning this yard only one feature has as yet ° This relates to 'the - come to light. work of the plant in producing pro- pellers. The Cramp yard has. long been known as a unit plant where nearly everything: going into a vessel is. made. from the raw-material. The many improvements and- extensions made. to take care .of. the rush of;. naval work has resulted in a 'plant which is now able to turn out by- products. -foundry: was The - brass, fou started by -three of the grandsons. of. the -yard's .founder, -- later be- ing merged. with the shipyard proper. The. old foundry comprises but one corner of the present foundry. At the beginning of the war it produced 260,000 pounds of castings a month. It reached. a production of 600,000 pounds per: month within 14 days and its production now is approximately 1,000,000...pounds 1a month. In this foundry more' than 60- compositions of metals are used in making the finished articles....'The completeness of the work is illustrated in the fact that within: the confines of the yard fittings of - -ewery nature are made. Not only are. propellers produced for the naval vessels under construction on the Cramp's ways but for other shipyards as well,' and fittings and castings are 'produced for automo- bile and other work. © One new wing of the foundry has been devoted to making propellers -- exclusively and has made destroyer : plant : . for: thé vessels built at that yatd and at 'several other 'shipyards 000,000 pounds of bronze, .oyer. 2,000,- 000: pounds of steel and over 3,000,000 propellers in quantity... The also has an iron and a steel foundry. The Cramp yard recently made two extra propellers for the troop ship LEvIATHAN. These propellers weighed 56,000 pounds each, as they left the brass foundry in the rough and 41,000 pounds each as they were shipped after machining. The boring mill in which this pro- peller was completed has a table 34 originally : Leviathan Are feet in diameter. The LeviaTHAN 'pro-' pellers are said to be the largest bronze castings ever 'made in 'the United States and the problem of casting them to prevent defects in hubs and blades that would render them unfit for use was successfully met. Lhe yard also. cast: and ma- chined over 800 large propellers vary- ing in size from about 5 feet to 19: feet. Some were for the Ford eagle boats. Over 400 vessels were sup- plied with propellers from the Cramp yard, including practically all the war vessels built in' the United States Birth of the Schooner Hoes the names of vessel types and other nautical ex- pressions originate is often a ques- tion of conjecture. The word ' schooner to designate a vessel with two or more masts, fore and' aft rigged, however, was coined in 1745 at Gloucester, Mass., when Andrew a ae soon. feed Pa masts; bearing .a fore and. aft sail on each and a bowsprit carrying a jib." The word scoom was a com- mon, colloquial expression in New _ England at that time to describe the skipping of a flat stone over the water when skilfully thrown from the~shore. When the vessel in question took the water, due to her from ieee lounching ways. "See her scoon," remarked a bystander. The builder of the craft was at a loss for a name for the type of vessel he had created and he. replied: "As scooner let heribe." .This name has. the spelling has_ been haweee, 60. schooner. sof Bee ee r 7 and a great mariy of the cares, vessels and transports. | The' Cramp . faundries . ddsned Sént over 1,- pounds of iron" castings per. month. A total 'of 30 propellers. were con- structed: "for 'the . Emergency Fleet corporation. Each propeller weighed 50,000 pounds including one cast-iron hub, four propeller blades of man- 351 Among Its " year. been used since that time, although ° | - Products ganese bronze and, two spare pro- peller' blades of the same metal for each wheel.' Some of the propellers produced for the Fore River Ship- building Corp. weighed 35,000 pounds, » including the sinkhead, and weighed 25,000 pounds when = shipped: Quantity production, however, was accomplished with propellers for de- stroyers. These were 9 feet in diam- eter and weighed 7500 pounds each in the rough. The driving faces of the wheels were : machined - with extreme care, and the wheel: polished: ahd balanced to meet the naval spe- cifications. - Supplies of finished cast- ings of all 'kinds.were produced in the brass foundry and shipped to the New York. Shipbuilding Corp., and to the' Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Co.,; as -well > as< other | yards. ie The Cramp yard, it is now under- stood, has sufficient contracts on hand for naval vessels to keep it busy a' When the government requisi- tioned its facilities, the plant shad - on hand some contracts for merchant | construction, but its ways are now practically cleared of this work. The yard's by-products were developed through war necessity and with the larger facilities it now has, the plant has been enabled to produce many - supplies for other yards and for some manufacturing lines. In this respect the effect of the war work has had a ~ notable influence. Visit Lorain Yard ~More than 400 engineers from north- ern Ohio were the guests on June 10, of the American Shipbuilding Co. at Lorain, O. The engineers inspected the large yard at 'Lorain and had the oppor- « tunity | 'of seeing vessels in all stages of construction .and of 'fitting-out. J. C." Workman recounted the war work of the company in a special address on board the steamer City or BUFFALO - enroute from Cleveland to Lorain. The 1920 meeting of the National Foreign Trade council was held at San Francisco recently. This was the first of these conventions to be held on the Pacific coast, previous meet- ings being at Washington, New Orleans, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and Chicago. The choice of San Francisco recognizes the importance of the west- ern coast in shipping circles.