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July, 1920 run from San Francisco to New York in 92 days. She was used as a troop- ship by the French during the Crimean war and by this country during the Civil war. Later she was bought by the British and renamed the DENMaRK. She was lost in a thurricane, off Ber- muda, in 1872. Donald McKay was a master shipbuilder and it is to be re- gretted that the Great Repusric could not have sailed as he originally designed her, The unfortunate circumstance of her having taken fire and being prac- tically destroyed, is said to have broken her designer's heart. To return to the question: Why not build ships of this type today? Clippe: ships, it must be borne in mind,. sac- rificed carrying capacity for speed. Again, they carried excessive crews, that THE MARINE REVIEW 10 cents a pound. Wages were low, able seamen being paid $12 a month as against $100 today. Clipper ships are not being built to- day because it is not an economical proposition to do so. While there is romance in running before a. fresh gale at an 18-knot speed, romance does not pay dividends. Sailing vessels of the present day must have ample cargo carrying capacity, they must be manned in such a manner that the owners will have a reasonable assurance of their keeping afloat and the rigs must be adapted to being handled by a comparatively small crew. According to present day standards, approximately 25 men are sufficient to handle a 3000- ton square rigged sailing vessel. (To be concluded) 385 Antwerp to Expand The Belgian government has under consideration a scheme for the recla- mation of waste lands on the left bank of the Scheldt. The develop- ment of the port of Antwerp has been confined up to the present to the right bank of the river, which is about 600 yards wide in front of the city. Plans are 'being drawn for the con- struction of a whole town, with docks, shipyards and workshops, dependent on Antwerp, and under the munici- pality of Antwerp. To connect the two sides, a 3-track tunnel under the Scheldt will be built, having two rail- way lines and a _ thoroughfare for pedestrians and vehicles. The tunnel will start from the View Lions canal FULL RIGGED. RUSSIAN SHIP--THIS VESSEL HAS FINE LINES AND SHOULD MAKE is judged by present day standards. A vessel like the SoveREIGN OF THE SEAS, as an illustration, carried a crew of over 50 seamen. Yards were braced, sails sheeted home and halyards manned all by brute strength. Occasionally, When the wind was fresh, it took the (entire watch on deck to sheet home a main topsail. Today speed is sacrificed for carrying capacity. Again, in the clipper ship days, navi- Sators were a daredevil lot. They cee nothing of carrying full sail deat et wind. Sail was never in 'fo the lee scuppers were x - the water standing thigh deep wee Scuppers. If sails were blown ee: occasionally the loss was not as cotton cost then well under Ships Free From Libel The first Seattle application of the at- torney general's ruling that shipping board vessels may not be libeled applied when seamen on the Great Lakes-built steamer LAKE FitcH attempted to hold the vessel for wages alleged due. When deputy marshalls made an effort to serve the papers they found that it could not be done and the claims will take their course in the U. S. courts. Operation of Mallory line steamers out of Galveston was discontinued May 13, according to official announcement, and the ships routed to Port Arthur, where they can be loaded and unloaded under "open shop" conditions. of 30 yards. GOOD TIME IN A FAIR WIND and pass under the river to a depth Plans are expected to be ready in two months and the con- tract will be awarded immediately af- ter. Foreign firms will be allowed to tender for the contract. The cost of constructing the tunnel is estimat- ed at 75,000,000 francs. Cornfoot & McIntosh, Portland, have been awarded the contract for the con- struction of the wooden 15,000-ton drydock authorized by the Port of Portland. The price is $761,345. The concrete steamer SELMA, said to be the largest ship of her type afloat, grounded on the breakwater at Tampico, Mexico, May 21, but was later pulled off. - 5-pontoon, ©