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economy apply to Great Liners Now Use Oil Fue Huge North Atlantic Passenger Vessels Finish Big Job Gf Reconditioning -- An Analysis of Changes Made HIPPING men will remember 1920 as the year oil-burning merchant- men became an actuality. The adoption of fuel oil in the engine room of ships antedated this by several years. Prior to that time, the United States had used fuel oil extensively in freight ves- sels but it was not until 1920 that trans- atlantic'e xpress. ° steamers began crossing the ocean' burning oil. This transformation was effected during a day when the con- stantly mounting price of oil initi- ated the agitation that the world's supply of the fuel would not be ade- quate for all the demands much longer. It required ¢ourage by the steamship owners to convert their billion-dollar prop- erties to oil-burn- ers under such conditions. In car- go vessels, the arguments for oil burners were that the fuel was cheaper, that the vessel would be even. a, ereater cruising radius, that bunker space would be saved for receiving car- go, and that the time required for fueling would be lessened. In addi- tion, the number of men required in the engine staff of an oil burner is smaller, and wages are conse- quently saved. Only a. few. of these items of the transatlantic liners which burn oil. They do not save cargo space to any appreciable extent, and their cruising radius WHITE STAR LINER OLYMPIC CARRYING 6000 This photo was taken from a British naval seaplane. afloat, has just. finished conversion to an oil burner, New York every three weeks due to greater speed in fueling. does not have to be increased. But the favorable [actors were a more comfort- able passage of the Atlantic. for the passengers; a reduction in the number of men in the engine room, and a sav- ing of time in bunkering. The trans- atlantic liners depend upon passenger revenues for their profits. The little From now on, barrels of oil in her double sides 488 AMERICAN SOLDIERS This great liner, the largest British merchant vessel she will She carries 27,000 freieht < they carry. is express variety. The Orympic of the White 'Star line was the first of the ocean greyhounds to be fitted for oil. She made her first trip into the port of New York under the British. flag during June. The AQUITANIA of the Cunard line followed as an oil burner the next month, These are the two prize ships of rival companies and at present the two largest pas- senger steamers in service. When the LEVIATHAN js con- verted, -and -- it © 16 planned that she shall <"be an oil burner also, the world's three larg- est ships will all be oil burners, The AQUITANIA is British owned and operated, The OLYMPIC is under the British flag but she is owned by an American company, the In- ternational Mer- cantile Marine Co. The LevraTHAN is owned by the United States ship- ping board. She will surpass her two rivals in size and luxury of ap- pointments, and she will be Amer- ican operated. The OLYMPIC carries her fuel oil in her . double sides, and in this respect is unique in naval architecture. On her first trip she bunkered 27,000 barrels of oil, or 5200. tons. . ~ bhis ship has 195 fur- naces and _ since burning oil she saves 153 men in the engine room. She made the run across the Atlantic in seven days, usually of the: sail from