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VOL. 39. CLEVELAND, DECEMBER, 1909. NEW YORK The Sea Performances of the S. isa. remarkable: fact! tha while the inside and above-wa- ter portions of the steamship have, during the past forty years, been in a continuous state of -re-adjustment, Monitoria By ArtHUR H. Haver, A. M. I. N. A,, in order to conform with the ideas of various inventors as to strength, tonnage, or the work- ing of cargo, the outside form of the vessel has, during the same _ period, woOoniToRia ke a ee LAUNCH oF THE MontTorta--VIEW or AFTER END. undergone but little modification. The recent sea trials of the steamer Moni-. toria, and the principles involved in the construction of that vessel, have, therefore, 'been of more than usual in- terest, and have disclosed the opera- tion of a law hitherto ignored in ar- riving at the resistance of ships. We have in the past been content to con- sider the relationship of length to speed; and we have had treatises on the effect of vertical frame sections at the ends or full form of midship section, and on the results obtained from 'broad and shallow ships com- pared with other forms; but, 'broadly speaking, we have not gone further than to vary the form 'of the ends of a hull having the necessary co- efficient of fineness and length to ob- tain the speed and carry the weight, and a contour sufficiently pleasing to the eye. The vessels thus produced have in many cases shown great dif- ference in resistance, and their sea- going qualities have varied, without any apparent reason, forcing us to the conclusion that our existing state of knowledge of the resistance of ships is far from satisfactory or com- plete. The writer, therefore, has been not a little surprised at the apparent scep- ticism with which any suggested modi- fication in the form of hull has been received. This is doubtless due in no small measure to the belief that a ship, irrespective of. form, will require a propulsive horse power directly pro- portionate to the wetted area. This, however, is not always so, although it may be very nearly correct in ordi-