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154 THOMPSON'S COAST PILOT. great number of other manufacturing establishments. There are also several extensive Ship yards and Machine shops, where are built and repaired vessels of almost every description. The population in 1850 was 21,891 ; in 1860, 45,619. The principal Hotels are the Biddle House ca Michigan Ex- change, on Jefferson avenue, and the Russell House, on Woodward avenue, facing Campus Martius, an Open Bq RATe "AAS the centre of the City. Detroit may be regarded as one of the most favored of all the Western cities of the Union. It was first settled by the French ex- plorers as early as 1701, as a military and fur trading port. It changed its garrison and military government in 1760 for a British military commander and troops, enduring under the latter regime a series of Indian sieges, assaults and petty but vigilant and harassing warfare, conducted against the English garrison by the celebrated Indian warrior, Pontiac. Detroit subsequently passed into possession of the American revolutionists; but on the 16th August, 1812, it was surrendered by Gen. Hull, of the United States army, to Gen. Brock, commander of the British forces. In 1813 it was again sur- rendered to the Americans, under Gen. Harrison. The following railroad lines diverge from Detroit : 1. The Detroit, Monroe, and Toledo Railroad, 62 miles in length, connecting with the Michigan Southern Railroad at Monroe, and with other roads at Toledo. 2. 'The Michigan Central Railroad, 282 miles in length, extends to Chicago, Ul. This important road, running across the State from east to west, connects at Michigan City, Ind, with the New Albany and Salem Railroad, thus forming a direct line of travel to Louis- ville, St. Louis, etc., as well as Chicago and the far west. 3. 'The Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad runs through a rich sec- tion of country to Grand Haven, on Lake Michigan, opposite Mil- waukee, Wis. 4, The Detroit and Port Huron Railroad, connecting with the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, connects Lake Huron by rail with the valley of the Ohio River. | 5. The Great Western Railway of Canada has its terminus at Windsor, opposite Detroit, the two places being connected by three