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THOMPSON'S COAST PILOT, 169 accommodations has ever yet been occupied by the vast business of the great and growing West. 'The harbor of Buffalo is the most capa- cious, and really the easiest and safest of access on our inland waters. Improvements are annually made by dredging, by the construction of new piers, wharves, warehouses, and elevators, which extend its facili- ties, and render the discharge and trans-shipment of cargoes more rapid and convenient ; and in this latter respect is without an equal. Buffalo was first settled by the whites in 1801. In 1832 it was chartered as a city, being now governed by a mayor, recorder, and board of twenty-six aldermen. Its population in 1830, according to the United States census, was 8,668 ; -in 1840, 18,218; and in 1850, 42,261. Since the latter period the limits of the city have been enlarged by taking in the town of Black Rock; it is now divided into thirteen wards, and, according to the census of 1860, contained 81,130 inhabitants, being now the third city in point of size in the State of New York. The public buildings are numerous, and many of them fine specimens of architecture ; while the pri- vate buildings, particularly those for business purposes, are of the most durable construction and modern style. The manufacturing establishments, including several extensive ship yards for the build- ing and repairing of lake craft, are also numerous, and conducted on a large scale, producing manufactured articles for the American and Canadian markets. : «'The climate of Buffalo is, without doubt of a more even temperature than any other city in the same parallel of latitude from the Mississippi to the Atlantic coast. Observations have shown that the thermometer never ranges as low in winter, nor as high in summer, as at points in Massachusetts, the eastern and 'central portions of this State, the northern and southern shores of Lake Erie, in Michigan, Northern Illinois, and Wisconsin. The winters are not as keen, nor the summers, cooled by the breezes from the lake, as sultry ; and in a sanitary point of view, it is pro- bably one of the healthiest cities in the world. 'London, usually considered the healthiest of cities, has a ratio of one death in forty inhabitants. The ratio of Buffalo is one in fifty-six. The favorable situation of the city for drainage, and for a supply of pure water ; its broad, and well-paved streets, lined 22