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A FEW HISTORICAL FACTS AND THE CANALS APE Be Se) PO ah eee gS ae eT RT ae Eee ee PGs ne eae The St. Lawrence river was discovered by the explorer Aubert in 1508. The French explorer Jacques Cartier ascended the St. Law- rence river as far as the Indian village of Hochelaga (now Montreal) in 1534. Lake Huron was the first of the Great Lakes to be discovered. In 1615 the French explorers LeCaron and Champlain both discovered Lake Huron but in separate parties. Both explorers came up the St. Lawrence as far as Montreal and then up the Ottawa river. They then took different routes across the country to Georgian Bay and into Lake Huron. The exploring parties met in the Lake Huron region and joined forces. Lake Ontario was discovered the same year on the return trip. Lake Erie was the last of the lakes to be discovered. Joliet dis- covered Lake Erie in 1669. Ene Superior was discovered in 1629 by the French explorer Brule. ' ee Michigan was discovered in 1634 by the French explorer icolet. The first recorded passage of the Detroit river by white men was in 1670 by two French priests. The first white man to see the Niagara Falls is supposed to have been the explorer Brule. The French explorer La Salle built the first vessel on the Great Lakes in 1679. This little vessel, the "Griffon," is described on another page. The first American vessel to be built on the Great Lakes was the "Washington," built at Erie (then Presque Isle) in 1797. In 1812 a vessel called the "Fur Trader" was built on Lake Superior and after being used in the fur business for a while she was run over the rapids at the Soo in the attempt to get her to the lower "lakes. But she was almost completely wrecked in the attempt. An- other little vessel, the "Mink,'"' was run over the rapids in 1817 and sustained but little damage. A 96-ton brig was built for service on Lake Erie in 1814, but was soon laid up as being too big to successfully do business on the Lakes. The first steamer built on the Great Lakes was the "Ontario" built at Sacketts Harbor in 1816. She was a vessel of 232 tons. The Canadian steamer "Frontenac" was built during the same year. But the first steamer built on Lake Erie, for up-lake service, was the "Walk-in-the-Water," built at Buffalo in 1818. This steamer is de- scribed on another page. In 1826 the first steamer sailed on Lake Michigan. Regular passenger service was established to Chicago in 1830. In 1836 the first shipment came into Buffalo when the brig "John Kenzie" brought in 3,000. bushels of wheat. The first steamers from Buffalo ventured only as far as Detroit. The first locomotive used in Chicago was carried there in a sail vessel in 1837. : The first grain elevator was built at Buffalo in 1842. The first steamer to use propellers instead of paddle wheels was the "Vandalia," built at Oswego in 1841. The first steamer on Lake Superior was the "Independence" in 1845. The "Independence" came from Chicago and was portaged around the Soo rapids. THE FIRST SHIP ON THE GREAT LAKES The first known ship to navigate the Great Lakes was the "Griffon," a little vessel of about sixty tons, built in 1679 by the French explorer La Salle. This ship was launched into the Niagara river about the present site of the village of La Salle. On August 7, 1679, the '"'Griffon," loaded with supplies for a long trip of explora- tion, sailed up the lakes. Very little is recorded of the trip, but the supposition is that the north shore of Lake Erie was followed until the entrance to the Detroit river was found, and on Lake Huron the west shore was followed to the Straits of Mackinac. Early in Sep- tember the little ship had reached Green Bay. Here La Salle loaded her with furs that he purchased from the Indians, and ordered his captain to take her back to Lake Erie. La Salle did not accompany the ship but with part of his men he started overland on his trip of ex- ploration. The '"'Griffon" was never heard from afterwards, no doubt having foundered in a gale with her entire crew. THE FIRST STEAMER ON THE GREAT LAKES The steamer "Walk-in-the-Water," built in Buffalo in 1818, is generally spoken of as the first steamer to sail the Great Lakes, but, 325