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August, 1916 Japanese Tramp Steamers The number and tonnage of Japan- ese tramp steamers has been strikingly extended since the outbreak of the war. <A statement from the director of the shipping affairs bureau in the ministry of communications credits Japan with 272 tramp steamers, dis- placing more than 1,000 tons, their combined tonnage amounting to 715,- 012 tons.. Of the number, 112, with a total of 249,258 tons, are run by the owners themselves, while 160, with a total of 465,754 tons, are chartered. Of the whole number, 188 ships, with a total tonnage of 423,031, are run in the coastwise trade, while 84 bigger ships carry on the ocean trade, these being distributed as follows: European routes, 14, tonnage 57,515: THE MAKINE REVIEW tea, matting, raw silk, silk textiles, cotton manufactures, soy, bamboo and bamboo ware, porcelain and pottery, straw braid, foodstuffs, grain, pea- nuts and camphor. ‘Homeward freights have been raised by about 25 per cent, with a few ex- ceptions. The principal goods | af- fected are raw cotton, machinery, iron and steel plate, iron wire, salt fish, pulp, wheat, flour, tinplate, malt, nails, resin, condensed milk and glass. All these advances are to come into op- eration immediately. Nationalities of Certifi- cated Seamen Returns received by the United States steamboat inspection service up to June 1, show that the service has issued 271 Soo Canal Commerce The statistical report of the lake commerce through the canals at Sault Ste. Marie for the month of June “shows: - that: -6f «>a total freight movement of 12,960,469 tons, 9,785,490 tons passed through the Michigan canal. More than two thirds of the iron ore passed through the American canal. The increase in iron ore tonnage over May is more than 1,500,000 tons. This is the heavi- est traffic for one month on record. A summary of the total tonnage through both canals up to July 1 is as follows: EAST BOUND To July 1, To July 1, 1915 1916 Copper, net tons...... 43,272 30,807 bushels:......%... 14, 389, 509 29, 714, 152 Grain, Results of Tests on a Ward Boiler SYNOPSIS OF TESTS. Air Observations, Test No. 2 1 3 Fireroom press., in. of water 2.34 4.91 4.96 Approx. rate of oil burner : Fireroom temp., deg. Fahr. 62.00 74.00 64.00 per hr. required by sched- ‘ stack temperature... 0ii.. 418.00 475.00 520.00 MEL 7000 aoc es cece es 1,500.00 2,300.00 3,100.00 Smoke, Ringelmann scale... 0.10 0.10 0.10 Oil actually burned, lbs. per 10,0) bE ge ereas shee Gatto roe de Rear 1,509.70 2,440.70 3,082.00 Flue Gas Analysis: Pounds of water evaporated Cc Tee from and at 212 deg. Fahr. sg sein CiOxIde) as eG 12.48 12.61 13.14 with oil as fired of 19.879 ; ious oe pees to tat Se leeeuiceeeins 3.08 2.97 1.89 ee a es 16.73 6.4 : 2 Aes ae Seas ee ae Reduced to 19,000 B. T. U. 15.99 15.75 15.49 Nitrogen (by difference)... 84.44 84.42 84.97 Guar. for 19,000 B. T. U. 15.66 15.33 15.00 More than guaranteed.... 0.33 0.42 0.49 Calculated: Results: : Moist i t , fractio TABULATED RESULTS OF TESTS. alt pe eer 0.616 0.606 0.69 Test No. “a. 3 Factor of evaporation...... 1.0738 1.1466 1.089 BATOMOCCER au gis is ee Neca Oe nate 30.79 30.73 30.55 Pounds of water evaporated Lgth. of test averaged, hrs. 5.00 6.00 4.00 per lb. af: oll, 2k ides 15.59 14.37 14.89 No. of burners used........ 7.00 7.00 7.00 Pounds of water evaporated Bore of burner tips, in..... ts 5/64 EP] from and at 212 deg. Fahr. per lb. of oil: Steam Observations. For oil of 19,379 B. T. U. 16.73 16.48 16.21 Steam pressure, lbs. gage.. 194.75 196.00 197.60 Reneane to 19,500 B. Calorimeter shell pressure, RR eee ae orctany eugene 16.41 16.17 15.90 bt chee (ay sce & Pear geee aaa eR oh 2.82 2.80 2.60 Wate “evaporated per a lorimet hell tempera- of heating surface per hr., Be ae Fa, BUR | 0870 Ae 60 nn 3,342 7.964 ~—«'10425 Feed temp. of boiler, deg. F. 183.60 113.00 168.30 Water eraporatee per Pe tuall aporated, fo) eating suriace per hr., oa oer Sa Rarities 23,532.00 35,082.00 45,878.00 from and at 212. deg. F. 5.736 9.131 11.34 Pounds or oil burned Pe i tions. sq. ft: of heating surface Pa toes Ge ger be 1,509.70 2,440.70 3,082.00 Per HOWE aes 0.3427 ——«0.5541_——(0, 6996 i ‘ POLS: Pounds of oi urned per ae a ee Peres 258.00 255.00 283.00 cubic ft. of furn. per hr.. ay 5.125 6.475 Oil temp. at burners, deg. F. 163.00 141.00 50.50 - Boiler efficiency, per cent.. 81.68 80.45 79.13 J North American routes, 34, tonnage 129,835; Australian routes, 4, tonnage 11,790; Indian routes, 17, tonnage 56,560, and South Seas, 12, tonnage. 36,281. The Nippon Yusen, Osaka Shosen and the Toyo Kisen Kaisha applied to the department of communications for permission to raise outward freights on the Antwerp line of the European service and outward and homeward freights on the Puget Sound and San Francisco lines of the American service, which are run un- der government protection. The gov- ernment has granted the applications, with some modifications in the orig- inal scales of increase applied for. Freights for North American ports have been raised by about 20.per cent. The principal goods involved are rice, United States certificates as able sea- men to 20,678 men, distributed according to nationality as follows: Americans Spantands<..-. 306 (native) .... eet South and Cen- Norwegians ...2,718 tral America Americans and Mexico.. 195 (naturalized) 2; 165 Greeks ooo is 179 Russians and UNSIATICBR cs awa s ¢ 137 Bens.) paces 1,706 Preneh cc 63 Swedes: 0.2.55. 1,480 Swissen.cevcas 39 Brtish® ec 1,451 Beloians: ci auc cn 31 Germans ..... 1,309 ptinks 25 i seca 22 Danes <i. eecieas Tal Roumanians ... 10 Wutehs os eaes eee 640 Serbsgc eis 3 Portuguese ... 476 Montenegrins .. 3 Austrians occas 386 Bulgarians .... 3 Maltans <5 23:7, 332 Luxemburger .. 1 The native Americans include also native Hawaiians and Porto Ricans. Certificated able seamen are required in the deck department on American vessels of 100 gross tons or over except those navigating rivers exclusively or the smaller inland lakes and except on fishing or whaling vessels or yachts. Building: stones nets fOne-< eae es. ens Flour; barrels .cceoiecces 2,302,247 1,953,556 Iron ore, net tons..... lage 072, 607 18,474,348 Pig iron; net: tons. «<5 % 14,215 Lumber, M. ft. B. M... 137,745 85,898 Wheat, bushels ......:% 34,688,112 84,123,491 - Unclassified freight, net PONG. Soielne te esac waren cows 94,250 55,499 Passengers, number .... 4,671 5,876 WEST BOUND Coal, anthracite, net tons 678,852 616,558 Coal, bituminous, net tons 3,022,437 4,372,197 Flour, barrels: ai. Secs 100 205 Grain, bushels’ sic. 6-3: 31,250 1,010. Manufactured iron, net TONS Sve et 75,205 56,370 Iron’ Ore; Met tOnSi.cs sect oe wnt we 5,631 Salt; barrels.) 3 aoa 232,173 288,090 Unclassified freight, net : LOTS Sha ges cee 326,269 396,886 Passengers, number .... 4,346 4,753 SUMMARY OF TOTAL MOVEMENT East bound, net tons... 13,006,133 21,978,577 West bound, net tons... 4,138,001 5,490,730 17,144,134 27,469.307. 7,597 Vessel passages 5,576 13, 811,202 21,525,367 Registered tonnage, net. eee eens