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December, 1916 especially during thick, foggy weather. “This letter is, therefore, to remind you of the rules we have formulated for the safeguarding of your crew and vessel, and it is expected of the navi- gator that these be carefully observed. “Vessels should be given plenty of buoyancy to meet possible gales; car- goes should be carefully loaded and trimmed; hatches should be properly secured and the ship made seaworthy before starting on the voyage and have plenty of fuel for emergencies; weather conditions should be observed and re- ports obtained from the weather bureau whenever possible. REMEMBER “You are expected, above all else, to bring your crew and ship safely into port.” The attention paid by Great Lakes vessel owners to safe navigation was emphasized last year when Secretary Redfield of the department of com- merce wrote to President Livingstone of the Lake Carriers’ Association, urg- ing that every attention be given to safety in fall navigation. President Livingstone replied by pointing out the measures already taken and reciting that the danger of overloading modern Great Lakes freighters was eliminated by the limited draft in the connecting channels and by the side-hopper construction which made the vessels practically self- trimming. He also called attention to a circular issued last year by President Coulby of the Pittsburgh Steamship Co., the lakes’ largest fleet, in which masters were reminded that they “must not neglect any of the rules laid down safeguarding the crew and property un- der their charge. Use your own best judgment in navigation with the inten- tion of getting into port safely, even though by doing so you may be a little longer in accomplishing it.” Late Marine Patents Copies of any one of the following patents can be obtained by sending 15 cents in stamps to Siggers & Siggers, patent lawyers, National Union Building, Washington, D. C., by mentioning The Marine Review: : 1,202,197—Life-preserver. John W. Lip- pincott, Little Rock, Ark. 1,202,198—Armor for vessels. Morris Lowy, New York. 1,202,207—Life-preserver. Kurt Nebel, Chicago. : 1,202,255—Canopy-top for boats. New- ton E. Williams, New Britain, Conn. 1,202,519—Apparatus for securing lines to sunken vessels. David W. Hively, Seattle, Wash., as- signor of one-half to Enos R. Cade, Seattle, Wash. THE MARINE REVIEW ) @ mnia’s Keel is 435 Work Finally Started on Big Batilesks Which Was Authorized 19 Months Ago Pt: old battleship OrkEcon, built on the Pacific coast, was the guest of honor Oct. 25, at the keel laying of the superdreadnaught CALtrorNIA at Mare Island navy yard. OrecGon came from San Francisco earlier in the day with the California congressional dele- gation, and some 800 civilian guests. CALIFORNIA was authorized 19 months before but was delayed because the sec- retary of the navy refused to accept the bids of private yards. She should be ready for launching Jan. 1, 1918, and in commission the following year. She will have a displacement of 32,000 tons and a speed of 21 knots. Lessons of the ship Roya Arrow, has been success- fully launched at the plant of the New York Ship Building Co., Camden, N. J. The sponsor was Mrs. N. J. Pluymert, wife of the general manager of the Standard Transportation Co., New York, owners of the new vessel. Royat Ar- Row is similar to SrTanparp Arrow, launched a few weeks ago at the same ship yard. The recently launched ves- sel has a carrying capacity of more than 4,000,000 gallons of oil in bulk. She is 485 feet in length, 62 feet, 3 inches beam and 39% feet depth of hold. Triple ex- pansion engines will develop a speed of 11 knots. The vessel was built under HEROIC: SCENES ACCOMPANIED THE WRECK OF D.-L. FILER European war, especially those taught by submarine and torpedo attack, have been analyzed by the United States navy con- structors in the design of CALIFORNIA. They believe she will be able to make port in spite of numerous and several torpedo wounds. The 1,022 bluejackets who will man the battleships under 58 officers, how- ever, probably will divide their admira- tion between this, her dozen 14-inch guns and some of the many electrical devices, such as the electric potato peeler in the galley, the electric-driven ice cream freezer, or the electric dish washing machine with a capacity of 1,000 dishes per hour. ‘Use of electricity on CALIFORNIA be- gins with her main engines, driven by motors supplied with current by gener- ators turned by steam turbines of 28,000 horsepower. There will be practically no work done on shipboard directly by steam. The second largest bulk oil carrier un- der the American flag, the steel steam- the supervision of chief surveyor Naba- reth, of Lloyds Register of Shipping. The vessel will carry oil from Califor- nia to the Orient. October Lake Levels The United States Lake survey re-— ports the stages of the Great Lakes for the month of October, 1916, as follows: Lakes. Ft. above mean sea level. SUPERIOR so PR pas wee crate seasons terete 03.72 Michigan= iron -< jas x aap ores ta nsueiewy ace oie 580.56 Erle osc ee eee 571.90 Ontario Ge awe ete te cine 246.06 Lake Superior is 0.16 foot lower than last month, 0.99 foot higher than a year ago, 1.12 feet above the average stage of October of the last 10 years, 0.16 foot above the high stage of October, 1869, and 2.14 feet above the low stage of October, 1879. During the last 10 years the October level has. averaged about the same as the September level and 0.2 foot higher than the November level. Lakes Michigan-Huron are 0.20 foot lower than last month, 0.78 foot higher