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124 gine and the fuel oil carried in motor vessels, as compared with the weight of the engine and coal in steamships, has resulted in larger freight receipts owing to increased carrying capacity, and to this must be added the _ considerable advantage that has accrued from motor vessels being able to cross the river bar at Bangkok, inwards as well as out- wards, with a larger quantity of cargo which would. otherwise have had _ to be lightered. Not only has the loss of time gen- erally involved in coaling been avoided, but also the maintenance of the ships has been reduced and savings effected in respect of painting and in other ways. la NE vessel of the East Asiatic Co.’s new fleet of some 20 mo- torships which has visited this country is CotumBriA. Twice during 1916 she called at New York to take on acar- go of case oil for China. This splendid vessel, sistership to CHILE and Peru, was launched Oct. 13, 1915, from the yard of the Burmeister & Wain Engine & Ship Building Co., Copenhagen, Den- mark, builder of SELANpDIA, the first suc- cessful diesel engine propelled vessel. SELANDIA was launched in 1909. Al- though embracing all the principles of the Burmeister & Wain company’s estab- lished standard of design, CoLumBra’s motor installation embodies — several minor revisions. One of these ‘is the maintenance of the blowing air at a THE MARINE REVIEW The results attained by SrELAnpIA have increased the interest in the marine diesel engine, and, more _ particularly in England and Germany, ships are under construction for propulsion by diesel oil engines of various designs, not- ably engines of the 2-cycle description. The engines in the motor vessels of the SELANDIA type as well as in the motor vessels building to the order of the company are of the 4-cycle descrip- tion, but while the engines of SELANDIA have 16 cylinders, developing 2,500 indi- cated horsepower, the engines of the ships now building have only 12 cylin- ders, occupying less space but developing greater power. Thus the 12 cylinders pressure of 60 atmospheres instead of 75 as in former vessels. CoLUMBIA is a twin-screw vessel and her driving units are two 1,600-horse- power, 6-cylinder, 4-cycle engines locat- ed amidship. The engines have a piston stroke of 960 millimeters (37.7952 inches), piston diameter of 630 milli- meters (25.0031 inches), and a speed of 125. revolutions per minute, imparting to the vessel a speed of 11.2 nautical miles per hour when loaded and 12.5 miles when light. The fuel for the engines, which is low-grade oil ob- tained by the East Asiatic Co. from Borneo, is stored in eight tanks at the bottom of the hold; these have a total capacity for 1,248 tons. The oil is consumed at the rate of 128 grammes FIRST-CLASS PASSENGER SALOON Lp of Latest Ty April, 1917 of Fionra, now in course of construc- tion, will be capable of developing 4,100 indicated horsepower. The engines of the 2-cycle type occupy less space than those of the 4-cycle description, but the consumption of oil, as far as can be ascertained at present, is greater. The development in the building of motor vessels for the merchant marine depends chiefly on the supply of oil. In this respect motor ships are, at pres- ent, limited to routes where oil can be obtained on terms that will enable © it to compete with coal. The use of the diesel motors for marine propulsion is for the time being confined to vessels. of a certain size and. speed. eC. ounces) per horsepower the total expenditure of oil, while the vessel is en route, about 10.3 tons per day of- 24 hours. In addition to the main driving units, the engine room is equipped with three 100-horsepower diesel engines, direct connected to dynamos, which furnish current for operating the motors and electric lights throughout the _ vessel. Auxiliary equipment in the engine room includes tanks for maintaining the start- ing air at 25 atmospheres pressure; a motor-driven air compressor; two mo- tor-driven bilge and sanitary pumps; a compressor, driven by one of the main units, for feeding the starting air bot- tles; two motor-driven pumps for cool- ing the-cylinders and pistons of the (4.3287 fluid hour, making