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290 hoisting engine with a vertical nigger- head for handling the manila haul- back line. The steam is supplied by a vertical donkey boiler 5 feet in diameter and 8 feet high. It carries about 80 pounds pressure and burns wood refuse from the yard that other- wise would go to waste. Almost the whole expense of operating this rig, therefore, is the wages of the engi- neer, $4.50 per day. A Y%-inch wire rope is used for hauling the timbers. This equipment serves three hulls handling all the timbers for frames, keelsons, ceiling, etc. . The cost of such an outfit should not exceed $1500. Frequently second-hand con- tractor’s equipment is purchased at low prices. The services of the don- key engine are usually supplemented by a few rough timber derricks, as shown in Fig. 27. _In more elaborately equipped yards, and in most cases where thoroughly satisfactory results are desired, some form of crane equipment is provided. In cases -where there are building sheds, rope or electrically driven I-beam monorail hoists running the full length of the shed have been found to fill the bill, Where the work is out in the open, traveling cranes of the types shown in Figs. 16 and 21 are most frequently employed. Two Types of Cranes Both of these cranes were designed specially to meet conditions-in wooden shipbuilding yards. The main fram- ing of the crane shown in Fig. 16 is wood; the one illustrated in Fig. 21 has a steel frame. Both cranes are simply variations of the _ traveling derrick. The timber-framed derrick shown in Fig. 16, sometimes called a “monstros- ity’, has a boom 72 feet in length, set on a .base 30 feet above the ground. It will handle 7 tons, and might be termed a shear legs on wheels. It is electrically operated, the power being supplied through a looped, insulated cable that slides on ° a wire stretched alongside the run- way. To give the machine stability, the hoisting machinery is placed on the lower of the two platforms shown in Fig. 16. A 50-horsepower motor geared to a 3-drum hoist is provided. The hoist also is equipped with a small niggerhead for skidding light timbers. The operator's cab is on the upper platform, at the foot of the derrick. The foot-spread, or gage of track on which the crane runs, is 35 feet. One such crane will serve two building slips. The crane shown in Fig. 21 is mounted on a turntable that permits the boom to swing through 360 de- grees, an advantage the timber-framed traveler just described does not THE MARINE REVIEW possess. The boom in the case of the revolving crane shown in Fig. 21 has a reach of 50 feet. For handling light timbers in single pieces, ordinary lumber dollies and wide-tired four-wheel trucks are used in great profusion in wooden ship- yards. These vehicles usually are of the simplest character, consisting of nothing more than a timber frame to which the wheels and axles are bolt- ed. They may be moved by man power, although horses are usually employed. In some of the more progressive yards, small _ gasoline- driven tractors have been introduced, making it possible to handle the lum- ber trucks in trains. Woodworking Machinery. The equipment required for work- ing-up timbers, including the band saws, cut-off saws, jig saws, planing machines, automatic beveling ma- chines, etc., must be carefully ar- ranged so the work can be gotten out expeditiously with a minimum of rehandling. There are two. general methods of arranging this equipment. In some yards it is grouped together in a mill located, usually, at a con- venient point in front of the building ways. In other yards, the apparatus is scattered among a number of small saw’ sheds, on the unit principle. In the latter case, each building slip is provided with an individual saw out- fit, located, generally, at the head of the ways. A mill in which all the sawing equipment is. grouped to- gether is shown in Fig. 22. A pair of individual saw sheds of the unit type is shown in Fig. 23. In. this illustration, the cut-off saw, with der- rick and hoisting engine for handling timbers, is in the background, with the band-saw shed, in which the curved frame sections are shaped, in the right foreground. The simple and inexpensive character of the equip- ment is clearly shown. A searchlight for night work is mounted on the band-saw_ shed. In order to give a concrete idea of the equipment required for wooden shipbuilding and its cost, Tables V and VI are presented, giving the cost of buildings and equipment for the 3-way yard shown in Fig. 18. The prices are. based on - quotations © in April, 1917. The equipment listed may be considered a minimum for the work to be done, and if more money were available considerable apparatus could be added, such as cranes, automatic beveling machines, etc.” The fotal” cost of. the: three major items is as follows: Buildings, $9280; yard work, $16,520; machinery and tools, $19,767; ‘total, $45,567, ex- clusive of real estate, supplies or working capital. August, 1917 Britain Orders Steam Trawlers in Canada _ The Dominion government has undertaken to have built in Canada 36 steel steam trawlers and _ 100 wooden steam drifters, of standard British types. These trawlers will be about 125 feet long between perpen- diculars, 23 feet beam and 13% feet deep. They will have triple expansion engines of about 5004 horsepower. The work of having these vessels built has been delegated to J. W. Norcross, vice president and man- aging director Canada Steamship Lines, Ltd., Montreal, ‘who is acting as director of construction, and is being assisted by three of the com- pany’s other officials, W. E. Burke, assistant manager; F. S. Isard, comp- troller, and H. W. Cowan, operating manager. The orders are being dis- tributed among existing. shipbuilding plants from Quebec to Port Arthur, -and it is probable that one or more plants which have not been in opera- tion for some time will also be util- ized. The materials, including en- gines and other machinery, are bought by the government and supplied to the builders. Toward the end of last summer a demand sprang up in Canada for freight vessels for Norway. Between Sept. 19 and Nov. 15,-1916 the Do- minion government authorized the ex- portation to that country on comple- tion of 18 steel steamships, to be built at New Glasgow, N. S., Mon- treal, Toronto, Port Arthur and Van- couver. In addition to these a. To- ronto plant was authorized to export two steel freighters to the. United States on completion. It appears probable that the majority, if not all, of these 20 vessels for the export of which licenses were granted, will be taken over by the British govern- ment, and it may be regarded as a certainty that, for some time to come at least no more licenses for export will be issued. In addition to the above mentioned vessels, a company is building three more of the Nor- wegian type, making six in that plant. The Pacific Shipbuilding Corp. has been organized at Seattle, to construct a yard for building wooden ships. It is announced that the new plant will include six building slips, and that the keels for six wooden steamers of the standardized government type will be laid by Sept. 1. David Hollywood, formerly with the Seattle Construc- tion’ & Drydock Co., the Heffernan Dry Dock Co., and later general man- ager of the Ames Shipbuilding & Dry- dock Co., has been elected president.