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a p= = of the antisubmarine cam- paign, gains have been made in other directions. Among these is the ‘‘daz- _ zie” system, which is not to be con- fused with camouflage. The “dazzle” is an elaborate scheme of painting merchant ships all sorts of colors. The results have been excellent be- cause of the precariousness of look- ing for enemies through a periscope. - It not only confuses the view of per- pendicular structures like funnéls and masts, by which a submarine is able to identify ships and make out their courses, but creates doubt whether a merchantman may not be a destroyer or cruiser. Smokeboxes have a lim- ited use for low visibility against sur- face attacks. The naval forces have been making a hard drive against the U-boats, and have been successful. Since July, 14 submarines are known to have been sunk, and four others are believed to have been destroyed. This is the greatest number ever sunk in the same period. eee A Japanese diplomat acquainted with the character of the conversa- tions which have been concluded be- tween the Japanese mission and* this government, points out that “it is not generally appreciated in America that Japan feels she is already doing her share in the war, and that she is furnishing her full quota of ships. One-third of Japan’s total ocean- going tonnage is now in European waters. This amounts to 300,000 tons being devoted practically to war uses in European waters, and represents about all Japan can do. It is hardly seen by us how more ships could be supplied for war service. Japanese business concerns are suffering greatly from the scarcity of ships to transport commodities between the Americas and Japan. In spite of all this, we are using a third of our ocean- going ton- nage in the service of the European trade with the entente countries. In this service we have lost three of our best and finest steamships, which were torpedoed and sunk by submarines near the British coast. Besides, we have: lost a number of ~smaller vessels off the Spanish coast and near the French coast in the Mediter- Af iy A Wa R SS ranean. All our largest ships except two are employed in the European trade, two being routed between Yo- kohama and San Francisco. In addi- tion we are caring for the peace-time trade of England as best we can in the Indian ocean and in the Pacific, between India, Australia and Britain’s other possessions, as well as China. It ought not to be forgotten, either, that Japan has been the carrier. ‘for Russia between the United States and Viadivostok. “ We have taken arms, “ammunition and materials to Russia.” . * 2K > In an address before the war con- vention of American business men, called by the chamber of commerce of the United States, James A. Far- rell, president of the United States Steel Corp., pointed out that “the war is a contest which will be decided by superiority in economic resources. At the beginning of the war both sides were in possession of these to a lav- ish degree. By dint of prodigal use by all the combatants, these resources have been very seriously. reduced, and in the case of Germany they” ‘must be Losses Sustained by British Shipping Ships 1600 ° tons Under 1600 tons bee ended: bo 1 3 0 5 7 5 5) 4 3 3 2 2 3 5 3 6 0 2 2 2 | 5 207 Weekly average for first 3 months 29.8 Weekly aver. for second 3 months 28.8 407 _ tracts; Bike ee ee eee lews of th sniprenting Sidelights on the World War Gathered During the a Month and Condensed for the Busy Reader _—iiOOO TV HILE the convoy system W still furnishes the backbone- eA approaching exhaustion. There can be no question on which side lies the preponderance of economic strength. If it were merely a question of match- ing the resources of the entente allies with those possessed by the central powers, weight for weight, or bulk for bulk, the war would speedily come to an end. But the war is prolonged because of the skill and determination which Germany has brought to the organization and co-ordination of all the material forces available to her. It is here that an imperative obliga- tion rests on American business to contribute its intelligence, its energy and its tenacity, whole-heartedly and unselfishly, to the problem of how all the resources at joint command can be best employed in war service. “The United States is called upon to do its share of a. tremendous task with a meager merchant marine. It is freely admitted that Great Britain at the outset of the war allowed a vast amount of merchant tonnage to be wasted through lack of centralized power, and it is doubly important that the United States should profit by the lesson by avoiding any such loss.” POOR ook Reports from Washington indicate that the British government is still insisting on retaining ownership of the 1,025,000 tons of shipping for which it contracted in American yards before this: country entered the war, and which has since been taken over, tem- porarily at least, by the United States shipping board in order to speed up construction. The final ownership of these ‘vessels, which compose part of a fleet of 2,000,000 tons on the ways under British and other foreign con- is now the subject of diplo- matic negotiation. The British view. is that Great Britain has lost 4,000,000 tons gross by submarines since the war. Allowing for gains by new build- ing and seizure of German ships, the net loss ‘is 2,225,000 tons, while the American merchant marine, exclusive of 500,000 tons of German ships taken over, has gained nearly 1,125,000 tons. eo ose Se Frank C. Munson, president of the Munson Steamship Line, has been des- ignated by Chairman Edward N. Hur- ley to represent the shipping board on the exports administrative board.