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December, 1917 THE MARINE REVIEW FIG. 129—DETAIL OF FANTAIL STERN CONSTRUCTION AT KNUCKLE LINE Frequently a heavy wooden. knee is inserted in the angle between the post and upper side of the deadwood. This construction is clearly shown in Fig. 119, The sternpost and other sections of . the stern frame may be raised into position with a traveling crane such as that previously described for hand- ling frames and bow timbers, or, if necessary, simple derricks, or gin poles may be used. After the stern- post‘is in place it may be used to support the tackle employed to handle some of the other timbers. Most ship builders raise the rudder- post by itself, hanging the rudder later. In some. cases, however, the rudder is assembled to the rudderpost on the ground and the whole com- bination raised at one time. This method of raising the rudder and rudderpost, together with the fashion timber in a single assembly is shown clearly in Figs. 102 and 104. It is said by the builder that this method of handling the problem saves $50 in labor cost. Fig. 104 shows clearly how the assembly looks before the after cant frames and stern timbers are in place. A more detailed view is shown in Fig. 102. Handling Small Stern Timbers For handling the smaller stern tim- bers, simple block and tackle arrange- ments such as those illustrated in Figs. 110, 111 and 112, usually are employed. These illustrations show various stages of the stern framing of a transom-stern, 5-masted auxiliary schooner built at the plant of the Grays Harbor Shipbuilding Co., Aber- deen, Wash. Fig. 112 is particularly instructive. It will be noted that the irregular pieces of the stern are hewed out, beveled and assembled as far as pos- sible on the ground. The various sec- tions are fastened together by iron drift bolts. The assembly is then hoisted into place with a block and tackle connected to an eye bolt which is temporarily screwed into the piece. After the assembly is bolted in its proper place in the ship, the eye bolt is removed. The various stages in framing the transom stern shown in Fig. 101 are clearly illustrated by Figs. 107, 108, 109 IO 1 2 and. 18) Figs 107 shows the framing before the transom timbers are in place. In Fig. 108 part of these timbers have been set in their proper positions, Figs. 109 and 110 show inside views of the same stern. In the latter, the arrangement of the sternpost and aftermost frames is clearly indicated. Fig. 109 shows how the ceiling fits up against the keelson’ and sternpost in the after FIG. 130—ARRANGEMENT OF TIMBERS POINT SHOWN 455 part of the ship. The method of assembling some of the transom sec- tions will be understood. by studying Figs. 111 and 112. The framing of a transom stern in a schooner building in a Georgia shipyard is shown in Fig. 106. In this case, natural bent crooks are used which adds considerably to the strength of the structure. The deck- house shown in Fig. 101 protects the steering gear. The character of the scaffolding necessary around the stern when the ship is under construction is shown clearly in Figs. 107, 108 and 118. The latter illustration shows a transom stern planked up and nearly completed. As shown in Fig. 113, the side counter timbers are double. The triangular space between them and the aftermost frame is filled in with short cants which heel against the side counter timbers. These pieces, or cants usually are sided about 8 inches and molded about 10 inches. Until the planking is bolted in place, they are lightly spiked to a ribband, as shown in Fig. 113. The interior of this part of the same stern is shown in Fig. 114, which also illus- trates the after main frames and the arrangement of the deck beams in the way of the stern. Further details of this type of stern framing, in an earlier stage of the construction process, are shown in Figs. 115 and 116. These illustrations show quite clearly how the after stern frames are formed and how they heel against the sternpost and after portion of the deadwood. The arrangement of the ceiling near the stern post also is suggested. Lower Part of Stern The lower part of this same stern is shown in Fig. 117. This illustra- tion clearly indicates the arrangement INSIDE THE SAME STERN AT THE IN FIG. 129 ‘