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trals. inconvenience is inflicted upon neu- Ee RESIS NEDO PERT a aN oo Ea, 62 THE MARINE REVIEW In considering whether more trals than the circumstances involve, the frequency and the enormity of the original wrongs are alike material, for the more gross and_ universal those wrorgs are, the more bound are all nations concerned in their re- pression, and bound for their part to submit to such sacrifices as that re- pression involves.” Continuing, Lord Sumner said, “It is right to recall that as neutral com- merce suffered and was doomed to suffer gross prejudice from the illegal policy of the German government, so it profited by and obtained relief from retaliatory measures, if effective, to restrain, punish and bring to an end such injurious conduct. Neutrals whose principles or policy lead them to refrain from punitory or repressive acts of their own, may well be called upon to bear a passive part in the necessary suppression of courses which are fatal to the freedom of all who use the seas. “The argument urged at the bar. ignored these considerations and as- sumed an absolute right in neutral trade to proceed without interference or restriction. The assumption was that a neutral too impotent or too pacific to resent the aggressions and lawlessness of one belligerent, can require the other to refrain from his most effective or only defense against it, by the assertion of an absolute inviolability of his own neutral trade, which would thereby become engaged in a passive complicity with the orig- inal offender. “The seas are the highways of all, and it is incidental to the very nature of maritime war that neutrals in using that highway may suffer incon- ‘venience from the exercise of their concurrent rights by those who have to wage war upon it. Of this funda- mental fact the right of blockade is only an example, * * * Belligerency and neutrality are states so related to each other, that the latter must accept some abatement of the full benefits of peace in order that the former may not be thwarted in war in the asser- tion and defense of what is the most precious of all the rights of nations, the right to security and independence.” The foregoing attempted exposition of British sea policy, together with British comment on American con- tentions respecting the freedom of the seas, demonstrates, it is hoped, that there is no necessary antagonism between British and American views, American ideas are being modified to meet modern conditions, as are the British, and it is the rule of the prize courts of both nations to adhere strictly to principles of justice in all their decisions. President Wilson’s remarks in Europe are reassuring, at least to a degree, and all that is now needed to reach a proper understanding is a spirit of realism regarding things as they are. There is: every prospect that: a agreement as to sea war in the future may be reached. The murderous activities of submarines operating under the German system must be absolutely suppressed, and conditions should be created under which the maritime powers of Great Britain and the United States may continue to flourish side by side in harmony, with great resulting benefits to both na- tions and to the world at large. Modern Noah Builds Concrete Ark cee oddest ship since Noah’s time is in process of construc- tion on Terminal island in Los Angeles harbor. Erected on ways consisting of three short logs, with no keel blocks or launching ways be- tween it and the water upon which it is expected to float, this craft, which has been termed “the Ark of the Living God,” is destined to carry a shipload of colored missionaries by way of the South Sea islands to Liberia. “Colored Missionary Yacht,” is the way Rev. James E. Lewis, architect and builder of the quaint ship, styles the vessel. The missionary yacht’s hull, which is about 85 feet long and 30 feet deep, is made almost entirely of short pieces of two-by-fours with but few hold beams ito brace it. One side needs fairing badly but the builder expects to straighten this out when the work has progressed a little further. . The apprehension of the beholder that the split, patched and spliced hull’ frame will go to pieces in the first stiff wind is somewhat relieved when the Reverend Lewis explains that he pro- poses to construct a concrete boat. One-inch sheeting is to be placed on the outside of the hull and another form is to be built on the inside forming a mold into which the con- crete will be poured, he says. So far, approximately $100 has been invested in the frame and it is estimated by the missionary builder that the completed craft will cost in the neighborhood of $15,000. The missionary states that he is financing the building of the vessel with his own money, with contributions from his flock and with money contributed by outsiders. There are 15 acknowl- edged members of ithe “Church of the Living God,” but Reverend Lewis ex- pects to receive financial assistance from the colored people throughout the country when the more expensive work about the vessel develops. Just now the builder and designer is await- ing funds with which Ito buy and pour the concrete. Another difficulty which confronts him is that the vessel is being con- structéd in what is, in substance, the back yard of a Japanese fisherman’s house which stands between the hull and the water. No arrangements have yet been made for removing this house. The builder asserts that he. built nine boats before coming to Los Angeles from Africa 23 years ago. He wants it made clear that when the boat is completed any missionary so- ciety will be permited to send mis- sionaries to Africa on it. “White folks will be just as wel- come as colored people, if they are churchworkers,” he says. “If they will pay for their meals on the voyage we won't ask them to dig up another cent. The expense of such a trip would probably be about $35.” In the meanwhile the flags of the United States, of the “Church of the Living God” and of Liberia are flying © valiantly from a mast on the uncom- pleted structure and the boat will be “lynched” in about 100 days. That’s the way Rev. James E, Lewis pronounces “launch” and that’s when he says it will be done. Late Marine Patents Copies of any one of these patents can be obtained by sending 15 cents in stamps to Siggers & Siggers, Na- tional Union building, Washington, by mentioning THE Marine Review. 1282770—Navigation rule, William DeWitt, Kobe, Japan. 1282850—Superheater for marine boilers, Walter F, Keenan Jr., New York. 1282851—Superheater for marine boilers, Walter F Keenan Jr., New York, and David D. Thomas, Baltimore. 1283035—Detachable boat motor, John Alban Bag- ger, Stockholm, Sweden. 1283345—Means for preventing vessels from sink- ing, Emil Sova, Bridgeport, Conn. 1283397—Boat handling apparatus, Otto Carlson, Astoria, Oreg. 1275286—Towing system for ships, Georg Meyer, ae Berlin-Charlottenburg, and Emil Waltz, Berlin-Steglitz, Germany; assigned to Siemens-Schuckertwerke, G. M.— : B. H., Berlin, Germany. 1275399—Means for launching boats from ships; Moffat Crooks, Enfield, Wash., Ponders End, England. 1275402—Ship protector, Kazimirz Cwiklinski, Blue Island, Il. February, 1919 satisfactory Anglo-American ~ ’ Cee Ber een SP i Sieve ines ha