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SR op oc BES OP DORON 2 gt BER PRT OR NON Oe ON ete DOR EGTA SAE Se ONY RINNE OER TR OP Oe ae Cae ee Reel ‘serious 140 able that out of the 174 vessels that started with the opening of naviga- tion, and all navigated through ice,’ 10 were damaged. It is quite well proved that these 10 vessels, or the greater proportion at least, were navi- — gated incautiously and with proper care they would have sustained no more damage than the balance of the fleet. On the 174 vessels in the associa- tion we estimate the losses for the year will be approximately $1,750,000, sustained in 189 accidents of all de- scription. The only redeeming fea- ture in the entire situation is that we have gone through the year without a single total ‘loss. It will be unnecessary to impress upon our subscribers the necessity for immediate and concerted action to correct this situation and we re- quest the co-operation of each mem- ber to 'this end, so that the coming year will be a vindication of the principles for which the association was formed—the elimination .of the avoidable accident—and which in this year’s operations has been so promi- nently unsuccessful. Inside and Outside Courses The rules regulating trafic up and downbound on both Lakes Superior and Huron as to separate courses have been as effective this year as in previous seasons. no losses in the association by reason of violation of the rule. Too much importance cannot be attached to the careful observance of these courses and we are gratified that our masters are convinced’ of their practicability and their complete insurance against disasters such as occurred prior to their adoption; not overlook- ing the element of safety which they lend to the navigator in knowing that he will not meet a boat head-on when following these courses, thereby eli- minating practically all danger of collision; It is the realization of these things which has obtained such a great success in the elimination of serious accidents and resultant loss of life on these lakes. Result of 1918 Operations We have adjusted but 26 claims out of an estimated total of 189 losses. It is, therefore, quite impossible at this time to submit anything like an the outcome account. We _ have, statement of year’s accurate of this however, prepared estimates based on the best information available of the accidents reported during the navi- gating season, and from this basis is indicated a loss in operation shown statement, in the following com- There have been - THE MARINE REVIEW puted to the close of the navigat- ing season: Contributions from all sources, covering the season of 1918 to close of the navi- gating season, together with interest from depositories, less lay-up and can- COUN; PALUIDE «555. bce x pees aoe ca ekesouere $405,418.51 Expenses of the association, claims paid and claims - estimated.............-- 472,754.02 Or, according to present computation there will be a loss in operation to the end of the navigating season of.......... $67,335.51 Membership and Tonnage In the annual report for the year 1917 there were 185 vessels then in the membership of the association with gross. registered tonnage of 963,033 tons. The following steel vessels were withdrawn from the membership in the fiscal year of 1918: ‘ Gross tons WIAD Ai ces ea cts eae Seca aia eee ames S aiilane is 2,011 Bite SPO DR iiss si oes ERE pepe ER eae 2,637 MAUNA ee ea raaen ieee tare te ais ta a esio e areca eroanee 2,194 DSA aco cores ce cosine Gua eater aie sRetny eran ne aoe et alee RrOntende: 2st es: cae eecka Sc tate baie dae ae cate North Pines. ........ Geo. A. Flagg C. W. Kotcher W855 WAMNON Ga eencars accep esc s oats cue? Soesyeiets! ase Toba: COMNALE 2) iocaic. a: siece ctecavere Givi oigte-w es agecereicl 26,313 Also one wooden steamer and one wooden barge have been withdrawn during the year, viz: Barge:: Chattanooga sce couse sac sic alesse erence 2,339 Steamer Roumania .......... Sb vcseeewrene 1,837 Total: STOMNBRET ent ice ou eet aie e seo dio'e 4 4,176 On account of some of the vessels in the membership being reconstructed and their tonnage changed, it is necessary that we make a deduction of 2050 tons, leaving 174 vessels active in the membership for the fiscal year of 1918, divided as follows: Gross tons AGE Steele seteamers:: = 20%. sp ct sera: Wacteie arecatarchs 908,664 BD Steel DAees 2 oprsiewae work oe oe vee ee eee 13,291 38 Composite steamers ................. 6,067 A AVOOdEN = DATO se hae ohne Site ate he 2,472 AT ee POUR suetalenc treme, poor sie a ieek eas ok Sede ee 930,494 The monthly record of accidents, showing the percentage of the whole loss attributable to each month fol- lows: —1916— —1917— —1918— No Per No. Per No Per of cent of of cent of of cent of acci- whole —acci- whole _acci- whole Mo. dents loss dents loss dents loss Apr. 12 5.87 7 182 6 94 On the 174 vessels active in the membership of the association dur- ing the fiscal year of 1918, we have written 174 certificates, valuation ag- gregating $51,589,500. Of this the association assumed 25 per cent, or $12,897,375. During the month of July there there was added the rule ‘for navigat- March, 1919 ing St. Mary’s river and approved by the United States engineer, that navi- gation in the vicinity of Pipe island shall be by the use of the right- hand channel; upbound vessels pass- ing to the eastward and downbound vessels to the westward of Pipe island. Book Review The Shipbuilding Industry, by Roy W. Kelly and Frederick J. Allen; cloth; 303 pages, 8% x 5% inches; published by the Houghton Miffliif Co. and fur- nished by THE Marine Review for $3 net. War having brought shipbuilding out of the comparative obscurity into which it had been permitted to sink in this country, it is mow expected that our increased interest in foreign trade will keep it out. The history of what has already been accomplished by American shipbuilders is, therefore, of consider- able interest at this time. The present volume contains an ac- count of what was effected during the war crisis. The transportation of food, soldiers and munitions to’ Europe neces- sitated a large increase in shipbuilding, especially when this need was coupled with the continual decrease in tonnage caused by the submarine. A brief his- torical resume of American shipbuilding and a brief glance at the origin and: history of the various types’ of ships precedes the description of how ships were built during the recent emergency. Following the general matter relating to historical development are chapters describing the shipyard itself; its offices, drafting department, foundry, machine shop, and other departments. The work done in each of these is explained. Equipment and its uses, workers and their occupations each are treated in> detail. The authors take up steel, wooden and concrete shipbuilding, de- scribing each separately and giving the reasons for the present status of each. The discussion of the labor question is not confined to a description of work done by the laborer, Labor turnover is discussed and the benefits which can be effected by an efficient service de- partment. The work of the service de- partment includes the management of the employment bureau, hospital, lunch room, etc. Apprenticeship is touched on and the training of workers. Charles M. Schwab is the author of a short in- troduction prefacing the book proper. Total trade for December, 1918, at the port of New York, was $314,957,711, as compared with $300,979,033 for the corresponding month in 1917. Gains were made in both foreign and do- mestic exports. Exports doubled those for the corresponding month of 1917.