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Spain Hopes foe Si a Stimulus Lent Shipping By War Gives Heart to Lagging Industry—New Yards and Mills Are Built tions, Spain has sunk very low in the maritime _ scale, ports are full of ships, from terranean feluccas to Pacific schooners, from British Italian and French liners.. And _ this is despite the fact it was from the Spanish port of Palos that Christopher Columbus set out to discover that new world which the Palos caravel SANTA Marta was the first Spanish- built ship to reach. The late war — stimulated Spanish shipping and __— ship- building, aided by material co- Bees: the first of sea-faring na- though — her Medi- coast tranips. to operation of the allies in their own, as well as Spain’s inter- ests. Economically this meant as much as to the cotton in- dustry of Catalonia, the iron mining of the Asturias the copper activi- ties: of the «Rio Tinto. Spanish shipping suffered some, but not greatly, working in the allied cause. Nevertheless the war was the prime cause in the Span- ish ship-building revival. The tonnage built in 1918 was 135,000, with near- ly two hundred thousand tons in 1919. Shipbuilding is purely a pri- vate enterprise, though the govern- ment has offered quasi - encourage- ment by diplomat- ic arrangements tending to secure otherwise lacking. Besides, the iron and steel plants of the Bilbao-San- tander district have been aided by the government through protection of their production and the assurance of con- . trolled prices in accord with the com- petitive scale in vogue elsewhere. In this district there recently has been built a steel plant specializing in ship plates, which will mean much for fu- ture Spanish shipbuilding. Also the and foreign materials Aboye—Columbus statue and the customs house BY FRANCIS MILTOUN Our Paris Representative government has allowed private en- terprise to make use of government yards and arsenals. Most important of Spanish ship- building plants is the Sociedad Espai- ola de Construccion Naval, with a close relationship to the government itself in the make-up of its list of share holders. It has various plants and yards distributed throughout the pen- insula and was organized out of ele- SCENES IN BARCELONA, SPAIN’S FIRST SEA PORT dockage facilities ments previously existing, by a royal decree under date of 1908. Techni- cal and financial aid was solicited and obtained in England, the full 40 per cent of the capital so allowed by law being in foreign hands. Germany, in spite of the ramifications of its trade and finance throughout Spain, had nothing to compare with this in the days before the war and naturally not at present. Important works have been built at 11 Below—A shipyard with glimpse of the harbor’s Ferrol in the north and at Cartagena on the Mediterranean. Great docks were built near Ferrol and already there have been built two 10,000-ton passenger steamers and three cruisers for the Spanish government, as well as boilers and engines as equipment for other vessels. The dry dock is 544 feet in length, leading from a wet dock of 3200 feet in length with a depth of water of 26 feet at low tide. At Corunna small wooden ships have been built in con- siderable numbers during the and since, including a 3000-ton auxiliary vessel. Vigo is developing its al- ready important shipbuilding and repair yards, there being a dozen located here. The most are the works of de Barreas. New works of the same ownership are be- ing constructed at Cova in the same district, which will have a dry dock accommodating ship up to 5000 tons, while steel vessels of 4000 tons may be built. In 1915 Troncoso y San Domingo here built a small repair yard, suitable also for the building of trawlers. The government dockyard at Carta- War important Hijos gena in the pro- vince of Mur- cia 4s in = full activity. Here the Sociedad Espanola is occupying a part of this shipyard and, during 1919, there were as many as four torpedo boats, three destroyers and six submarines on the ways at one time, besides two vessels for 'the imyportant Spanish ship- ping company, the Transmediterranea, At Tarragona there is a yard with two slips suitable for the construc- tions of vessels up to 1500 tons, and at Almera is the yard of Alfredo Rod- riguez which builds only small sailers. Barcelona, 'the greatest of Spanish