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December, 1923 inch of face per inch of diameter. For double reduction gears, it is best to sep- arate the high and low speed gears, us- ing flexible couplings between them. Judging from a number of accurate estimates and comparisons, I think it is true beyond question that the com- plexity, weight and cost of the diesel electric exceeds the direct drive. I wish to point out two cases of bad economics in design which have oc- curred frequently. The diameter of the propeller has been too small for given revolutions and vice versa. The design MARINE REVIEW of a propeller can not be guessed at or fixed by so-called experience. For given revolutions, there is a definite diameter and pitch for the highest ef- ficiency. Likewise, for a given diam- eter, there are definite values of rev- olutions and pitch for the best results. It pays well to use the most efficient propeller for given conditions and to fix conditions that will give a good effi- ciency. The boiler evaporation has been much too low in many cases and especially with oil fuel, resulting in a heavy and 459 expensive boiler plant. An evaporation between 514 and 6 pounds per square foot of heating surface usually gives the best results. I believe the great development and economic advantages which have been accomplished in other fields through skillful engineering can be paralleled in the marine field. I am convinced that skillful engineering is one of the most important factors in making our ships pay, and that it will go far in putting the American flag on the high seas and keeping it there. Ocean Freight Rates Per 100 Pounds Talons Otherwise Gisiad Quotations Corrected to Nov. 10, 1923. on Future Loadings New York Cotton General cargo ftfFinished From North Pacific Lumber to Grain Provisions (H. D.) Flour cu. ft. 1090 lbs. steel Ports to Per m. ft. LAVErpOOle eis eas eh a 38 3d $0.40 $0.30 $0.19 $0.30 $0.60 $7.00T San Prancisto:7c< oh < $6.50 to 7.00 Gondoneie sete is ans 38 3d 0.40 0.30 0.19 0.30 0.60 7.00T South California....... 7.00 to 7.50 Christianiaie.c cs. sensu $0.19 0.40 0.40 0,23 0.424% 0.85 8.00T Hawaiian Islands....... 10.00 to 10.50 Copenhagen...........+-. 0.19 0.40 0.40 0.23 0.4244 0.85 8.00T New Zealand... ........ 15.00 to 16.00 Hamburger... : ok sso eae 0.12 0.35 0.271% 0.17 0.37% 0.75 8.00T Sydney seers eke 15.00 to 16.00 Brembni oc eet cee es 0.12 0.33 0:25: 0.17 0.37% 0.75 8.00T Melbourne-Adelaide.... 15.00 to 17.00 Rotterdam s\.5.25053. 5. 0.15 0.32% 0.25 0.20 0.35 0.70 1.507 Oriental Ports. ¢ 512... . 12.00 to 14.50 Antwerp cei e cais ees 0.15 0.52% 0.25 0.20 0.35 0.70 7.00T Oriental Ports (logs) .... 19.00 to 21.00 THA Vie 0.16 0.40 0.22% 0.25 0.35 0.70 8.00T Peru-Chile....... Se aes 13.00 to 15.00 Bordeaux osu e « 0.16 0.40 0.2244 0.25 0.40 0.75 8.00T South: Airicascs 20. 19.00 to 20.00 Barcélona cis o.5505.00 64.00 0.25 12.00T 0.40 10.00T —12.00T— 10.00T Cubase kde noe an ae 11.00 to 14.00 Lishbon= 3s age eae ee 0.20 0.65 0.40 7.00T —20.00T— 7.00T United Kingdom....... 80s to 90s Marseilles... 33. i. ee 0.18 0.55 0.50 5.60T —20.00T— 5.00T United Kingdom (ties).. 70s to 80s Genoa ces eek 0.17% 0.50 0.35 0.30 0.40 0.80 6.00T Baltimore-Boston range. $11.00 to 13.00 Naples: . is coc eas 0.17% 0.50 0735 0.30 0.40 0.80 6.00T Baltimore-Boston range. Constantinople........... Orgs 15.00T 0.75 0.35 —20.00T— 8.00T (fies) ee eek Not quoted AlBKaNdtia cece cess 0.25 15.00T 0.75 0.35 —20.00T— 8.00T Buenos Aires........... 14.00 Ripert. 3822 eee 0.20 0.75 0.75 0.30 —20.00T— 7.00T Flour and Wheat Dakars oscars ele ee er es 1A: SOT cans oe: 13.00T —20.00T— 10.00T Oriental Ports (net ton). $ 6.00 to 6.50 Canetowinii:s i) snces se ebins 6.00T 10.00T 12.00T 7.50T —10.00T— 8.00T U. K. and Continent MUCHOS AIOE wc OCs oO ares TB 00 t0 20.00 Tne. ta yee ae 18.00 to 20.00Tt 6.00T} (gross ton).3 4.55.5: 32s 6d to 37s 6d Rio de janer0.: 2. cok eee 19.00to21:00T....... 7.00 to 7.70T 19.00 to 21.00Tt 6.00 to6.60TT General Merchandise Pernambuco. ooo pee aS 22 00D re 9.00T —22.00T—t 10.00Tt Oriental ports......... $10.00 Bavane is kie ess 0.1714 to-0.2214* 0.3734* ....... 0.1714* 0.47* 0.94* 0.20% Steel Wera Crumic. coc cscs tes sak 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.25 0.52144 1.05 0.30 Oriental Ports....... £5.00T to 7.00T Walparaiso. 02 oe ene jal 0) eae Pana a haere 0.70 0.45 0.80 12.00T Cotton San’ Prancisco 6.6 ccc ce sats 0:40 t0-0:70" 5.6 es; 0:70 tonl00rs 5 ce: 2.50 0.55 to 1.00 Oriental Ports....... 35c to 50c per cwt Sydneyest So fos ee eS 18.00T 2.50 18.00T 18.00-24.00 9.00-12.00T Apples Calcutta. Soin en can eee 16.00T 0.65 15.00T —16.00T— 10.00T United Kingdom....... 90 cents per box T—Ton tLanded. ttHeavy products limited in length. *Extra charge for wharfage. Copper Oriental Ports.¢25 0... $5.00 See ays . ° Box Shooks Principal Rates To and From United Kingdom Ocoee Beet Sil ie sd s d Metal Junk Grain, River Plate to United Kingdom..... 21 6 Coal, United Kingdom to Buenos Aires 13 6 Oriental Ports. .$10.00 Coal, South Wales to Near East.......... 10:0 Iron ore, Bilbao to Middlesbrough.... 6. 6 Scrap Copper Coal, United Kingdom to Hamburg....... Roce g) General British market, six months Oriental Portss.2232 476: $5.00 time charters, per ton per month... 6 0 Salt Herring Oriental Ports...... $8 measurement ton Machinery Orjental Ports..........$7.00 Automobiles Oriental ports.......... $8.00 Bunker Prices At New York At Philadelphia Other Ports Coal Fuel oil — Diesel oil Coal Fuel oil Diesel oil Boston coal, ae ton . $7.41 alongside alongside alongside alongside alongside alongside _ Boston, oil, a. 8 per ton per barrel per gallon per ton per barrel per gallon per bairdls<..a70. $1.45 ; ; 8.30 1.47 5.00 cents Hampton Roads, coal, Oct. 12) 1923 °9'90 Pee ate can psx 13: 1993 ¥P30@8.00 15714 $.00 cents cabtteten, bs 50@5.70 Ront T1066 6.75@7.50 1.761% 5.10@5.35¢ April 10...... @6.50 1.875 | 5.10 Laren patna ee ton. od July 11...... 5.50@7.00 1.7634 4.40@5.50c Daly 9k akc 5.25@6.25' 1.62 @1.73 4.35@4.60c lop on, sas! pet ton ae Oct. Te: 5@6.85 1.5144 4.00@4.50c Ot as . 5.00@5.50 1.36144@1.51 4.12@4.36c ntwerp, coal, per ton 8 Nov 1000.03: 5:25@6.50 1.5144 4.00@4.50c Noy. Mei 5.00@5.50.1.3614@1.51 4.00@4.25¢ EO eS LORE