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320 FIG, 3—SAMPLE A, TRANSVERSE. X 10 Reduction, per cent .... 49.2 51.9 56 Bi ee ccicce cians t cteare aie 180° flat 180° flat In addition tests were made on the B steel, both in the longitudinal and trans- verse directions after turning down to 0.505 inches diameter and 2 inches long. These results were as follows and show clearly that the B sample is higher in carbon toward the center: Tensile Tests (Small) Sample B Long. Trans. Ultimate stress, pounds per SQUATE INCH 2.5.06 se wees 60,000 58,500 Elongation, per cent in 2 y PNOHES ©, chccicters sore woe sre erare 34 36 Reduction, per cent ..... ; 57,9 50 Berit scapes a irons eheialeiecaseis ilsiely 180° flat 180° flat The tensile test results show good ma- terial with higher ultimate stress than would be expected in this thick plate from the carbon content. The fractures were gray granular with silky edges. Samples were machined from the test pieces for microscopic investigation. The microscopic results are shown in Figs. 1 ‘and: 2; These indicate a banded structure, par- ticularly in the case of A. This is brought out more clearly in the sam- ples magnified 10 diameters, after etch- ing with dilute nitric acid in alcohol, as reproduced in Figs. 3 and 4. It also is noticeable in the microphotographs mag- nified 100 diameters. The higher magni- fication also shows a rather coarse struc- ture, as well as many nonmetallic im- purities or sonims. Figs. 5 and 7 par- beg FIG. 6—SAMPLE A, LONGITUDINAL. X 100 MARINE REVIEW FIG. 4—SAMPLE B, TRANSVERSE. X 10 ticularly show these sulphate inclu- sions. The interesting features of the microstructure are the open structure showing finishing at a high tempera- ture, the presence of numerous non- metallic inclusions, and the well marked banded structure. Tests of English Steel The English steel was about 34 inch thick. The chemical analysis is as fol- lows: Carbon, 0.14; manganese, 0.37; phosphorus, 0.057; sulphur, 0.053; silicon, 0.011; copper, 0.099; nickel, trace; and chromium, nil. The physical results on the full size and small test pieces are as follows: Full size Small size Micld's poititva os ane. HRV AVS), 36,500 Wiltimates: Stress. ssc ic 6isscrans 56,740 61,750 Elongation, per cent ...... 22:5 32 Reduction, per cent ...... 52.5 5715 In all cases the fracture showed gray granular with silky edges. The longi- tudinal specimens were bent flat on themselves. The transverse specimens were bent 180- degrees round a pin equal in diameter to the thickness of the speci- men. With further reductions cracks de- veloped on the outside. The microstruc- ture was normal, agreeing with the analysis. Judging from the high phos- phorus the steel would appear to be acid open hearth, and notwithstanding the rather high sulphur the structure shows a comparatively clean, good steel. FIG. 5—SAMPLE A, TRANSVERSE. X 100 A careful investigation of two sam- ples of German plate from the hull of the LreviATHAN does not give clear evidence as to why this steel resisted corrosion in sea water so well. Possible reasons, however, are the presence of a comparatively high percentage of cop- per, and a marked banded structure whereby afitter moderate corrosion low carbon layers would be exposed to the sea water. It is noticeable that this steel is rather open and coarse in struc- ture and has good physical properties. It is not a “clean” steel, in the language of the steelmaker, but contains numer- ous nonmetallic inclusions. The English steel, which suffered badly from corro- sion, appears to be ordinary acid open hearth with no marked characteristics to distinguish it from ordinary plate except that copper is present in mod- erate amount. The oil engine-electric tugboat, VAN Dyke II, was launched in July by the Staten Island Shipbuilding Co., Staten Island, N. Y. This is the second of three oil engine-electric tugboats build- ing for the Atlantic Refining Co., Phila- delphia, the VAN Dyke I being launched in June. Each tug boat will be equipped with two 225 horsepower Ingersoll- Rand type oil engines direct-connected to General Electric type generators and driven by a General Electric motor. . FIG. 8—SAMPLE B, LONGITUDINAL. X 100 RP ys pede Me ae ee