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January, 1925 MARINE REVIEW ee SERIES ILLUSTRATES HOW CARGO IS HANDLED FROM THE out by experiment and operation to in- crease speed and smoothness and to re- duce operation and maintenance expense. From observation and from data at present available, the designer asserts that the operation and repair and main- tenance expense will be less than the standard all pan conveyor type of un- loaders and will about equal the all-belt conveyor type. Some of the main advantages of the apparatus are based on bringing the point of feed down to the cargo floor of the ship. This arrangement results in the following claims being advanced for this type of unloader: 1—Saving of from 60 to 70 per cent of the cubic space lost in conveyor ships. 2—Continuous gate opening in sides of tunnel permits handling many nonfree- flowing materials, such as sand, not pos- sible to feed through restricted gate openings. 3—Steeper angle of scraper incline for- ward compared with conveyor gives greater cargo space and permits elevat- ing material with 20-degree inclined con- veyor. Use of this conveyor permits the DECK TO THE DOCK use of means for weighing cargo as dis- charged. 4—Cargo being carried on the tank top or ship’s cargo floor lowers center of gravity of cargo between 3 and 4 feet compared with the hopper-type con- veyor ship making it possible to convert safely the standard bulk freighter with its deep water bottom tanks. This great- ly reduces the first cost of wunloader ships by utilizing the smaller ships which have become obsolete in the bulk carry- ing trade, The* four vessels which have been