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August, 1925 rust from pipes and storage tanks. The amount of these impurities that is introduced into the cylinders per stroke is very small, but it amounts to a great deal in the course of a few months running. When the oil is burned, the coarser of these impurities deposit in the cylinders and form an errosive paste with the lubricating oil. Examination of this material, when collected from the oil by centrifuging, leaves no doubt as to its abrasive qualities and the part that it plays in increasing operating cost and diminish- ing the reliability of the engine. WATKR UNE RE Vl EW The presence of water and_ sus- pended solids is not confined to any particular type of oil. Distilled oils are free from these immediately after production, but the impurities are rapidly introduced in handling and in storage. Sulphur is found principally in the lower Baume gravity oils. The ob- jections often mentioned to the use of high sulphur oils undoubtedly arises from the fact that these oils are the viscous fuels which do not free themselves readily of suspended impurities. Sulphur burns to sulphur 293 dioxide which is unquestionably non- corrosive under the conditions existing in the engine while running. It is only when the engine is stopped with- out first flushing the burnt gases from the system that the sulphur di- oxide may combine with the condensed water and become corrosive. The use of lighter oils of low sulphur content before stopping is often practiced to remove the heavier oils from pump and lines where it might solidify and cause trouble in restarting. . This is desirable since it removes the poten- tially corrosive sulphur gases. World Shipbuilding at Lowest Ebb NEW low record in world ship- building since the late war is shown by returns covering all maritime countries for the quarter ended June 30 last, according to Lloyd’s Register of shipping. In- creases in tonnage orders in the past quarter, as compared with the pre- vious one, shown by the shipyards of On June 1, 1925, American shipyards were building or under contract to build for private ship- owners 139 steel vessels of 167,- 059 gross tons compared with 140 steel vessels of 226,926 gross tons on May 1, 1925, according to the bureau of navigation, de- partment of commerce. There were 26 wood vessels of 9840 gross tons building or un- der contract to build for private shipowners during the same pe- riod compared with 27 wood ves- sels of 10,890 gross tons on May i; 1925. To the right is a summary of reports of shipyards to the bureau of navigation, department of commerce, showing the number and gross tonnage of steel and wood vessels of 100 gross tons and over, under construction or contract for private shipowners on June 1, 1925. UUNQUQUUQUAUOONO0NU0OEOOENUOUOAEODESOOUCUOTEASOOD UO EEDEUAAA EDD UAA TEETER Ee FI the United States, Italy, Japan, and some of the smaller shipbuilding na- tions, were more than offset by the decreases in Great Britain and Ireland, Germany, France, Holland and Den- mark. The general contrast between the two last quarters is shown by the following table, the figures represent- ing gross tons of shipping: June 30, 1925 Mar. 31, 1925 United: States<:s...iscccoseses 92,001 81,728 Britain and Ireland 1,093,587 1,165,468 Other countries ............ 1,184,243 1,149,714 WiOrld COCR). cisdscvcutiene 2,369,831 2,396,910 The previous low mark, of Sept. 30, 1923 showed a total of approximately He ee rrr TT TTTETITTHI OU CLLLLLUULULLLLLULLULLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLULLLULLOLLUOCOOLOOUOOOOOOOUOUOOUUCUUOOUOOOUUUOUCOOOOOUOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOTOOOTONOOOTTTONOTONGTIOUQUANOOOQUOHIOUOOOUOOUUNDOOUONTUTUUUIUOOUTUTONTTOOTOCICUOC CTU TATOOTOOOOONOCONOTCOGTOOOOONOO OOO DODO UL Shipbuilding in American Yards-June 1, 1925 Be Steel Wood = Company No. Gross No. Gross = Alabama Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Co., Mobile, Ala.....ccccscsee 1 GEO ei Ss cesieeees = American: “Bridge: Co.): Pitts Durgys ) ciiciscsecocacseescoguacscoscovancstuenedhosevevsseeoxs 42: 19;280° ke ae = American Car & Foundry Co., Wilmington, Del cicrcccccccccsococsssos ccoe cecesces 4 1,800 = American Shipbuilding Co., Cleveland .i.....cccccssscssscssesssescsssssesscessoocece DBS OO. acy ee a Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Ltd. = Union Plant; Bethlebiem: Pals cc..iccccscccrscessuscoibsveuesmadov cased bases y Wrage CF | paren et ar = Harlan Plant, Wilmington, Del. ...0......c.ccccccccceenscoeee AES Its 1s BRR dae Cea = Sparrows Point Plant, Sparrows Point, Md Bit 45850) oe Se = Canulette Shipbuilding Co., Slidell, La. ........... ec eeeeeeee 1 500 1 130 = Charles’ LL: Rohde’ &: Sons; Baltimore, Msi viccccccecicscccvdccsscstesescecavdssovsice’ cece caceaves 4 1,269 = Charles Ward Engineering Works, Charleston, W. Va........ccccccccsseee Z ADS sien. ese aeteaes = Craig Shipbuilding Co., Long Beach, Calif.............cssssssssccecesrecessseceese 1 GBs sigs Seeeains = Defoe Boat & Boiler Works, Dubuque, Towa ..........ccccccsccscccecscssceccsceseee 2 BAO acon eistans = Dravo Contracting « Co.,. Pittsburgh .c...cccessscsuscocedsscucdscssesdscssacasssvsasovessoose 20:2 -8;5L0) eeu ieee = Geo. Lawley & Son Corp., Neponset, Mass. .....ccccscsscscssscsssencssccccsesscecs cess ceeseeee } 150 = Great Lakes Engineering Works, River Rouge, Mich... DiMA GABO esse. Pu iccates = Hanlon Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Co., Oakland, Calif ...............000 ak BOO rr orc coioths usatees = Howard Shipyards Co., Jeffersonville, Ind. ..c....cccscscsssscccssssseesseeseseeces 4 2,000. i = Ira S. Bushey. & Sons, Brooklyn, N. VY. cscsosscscscsssscsssssenssncncesssssenceossasee ces, | encacese 2 = Jacopsen: & Petersens VBROOKIYVN, ING Nin sesccecsedschccvcssedsccvorsvscsecnvescasdocasee: shee os) dewuaante 2 = Kingston Dry Dock & Construction Co., Kingston, N. Yosecccccccccccss coco ceceeeee 1 = Kyle: Shipyards; 1, A.; City Islands: ING 8c sccsecsvascsaccrcecesadavescarcceevgonsvscee 1 VAT Re as = Los Angeles Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Corp., San Pedro, Calif... 3 Pe rts = Manitowoco Shipbuilding Corp., Manitowoc, "Wis i cbcucnadeti «iucseievivevecansae 1). 63800 jie = Marietta Manufacturing Co., Point Pleasant, W. V QO 87k = Nashville Bridge Co., Nashville, 'Fenn.........cccessossescesers avers DOM 82.580" Sse. = Newport News Shipbuilding & D. D. Co., Newport News, Va. 9 38,405 .... = New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N. J 7 32,960 3: = Orange Car & Steel Co., Orange, Texas . 8.4 78, 260i = R. Lenahan Co., Kingston, INE Vic. cdeavasen coanascelpncunspiesaeive cesanaecépen anc ensassersosecssesmo co? tasactten 10 = Spedden Shipbuilding Coie Baltimore, Ws icc. viccsksviccasasccsteuscasevecucessaee 1 B25. sec = Staten Island Shipbuilding Co., Staten Island, N. Yu..cccccccccccsreere Be BBB OA ici teeetins = Sturgeon Bay Dry Dock Co., Sturegon Bay, Wis.....sccccscsscersecerscess A BIBOO ee. ee = Sun’ Shipbuilding -.Co., Chester, Pais .:.-sscesseasssscccasddccssscseleasecesatsuatertsvshtos 2 COO cts er e = Supple & Martin Shipbuilding Co., Portland, Oreg. w.recscccssessersssees coos ceseeces 5 595 = Wm. Cramp & Sons Ship & Engine Co., Philadelphia, Paces 225,600" ssc Pekan " = HUES ByT coer eitk sooo ouee Sau aanan st avautucd eassevunceseas ers cuavstccander vesaduancavatssupescsececeigaaes 139 167,059 26 9,840 = *Approximate. = SMM Mn ie 99,000 gross tons for the United States, 1,271,000 tons for Great Brit- ain and Ireland, and 1,007,000 tons for all other countries combined, making the world total at that period, 2,377,- 000 tons, so that the present decline from that figure is not a sharp one. If compared, however, with 2,616,000 gross tons for June 380, 1924, the de- cline has been a steady one. The decrease is accompanied by a falling off in orders for steam ton- nage. Again, the figures for construc- tion of vessels equipped with internai combustion engines show an advance, so that now almost 50 per cent of the world’s shipbuilding is composed of motor vessels. In Great Britain and Ireland motorships represent 36.5 per cent of the total construction, while the figure for other maritime coun- tries is 57.38 per cent, making the proportion for all countries combined