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July, 1926 away from the terminals trucks or railroad cars. Terminals for handling bulk com- modities usually are constructed es- pecially for -the particular industry using them. -For instance, along the Great Lakes are built huge ore docks with pockets and chutes at the ore- mine end of the lake route which are constructed particularly for loading 5000 to 12,000 tons of iron ore into a specially constructed vessel in a few in motor I in these waters. railway drydock Se UTUTTUUTILUUULLLLLLLLLLLLU LLL LLLLL ALLL ELLE LLLLLOC ULLADULLA LLCO COU UAPOCCUIOOUOUOTOUULNOOUUUANOTO CO TUTOOO MOUTON UUONOUOUTOTOOTUTOUUUUNOOOUUOUUUUNOUUUT TOUT UHOOUUONOUULOOLLOOUUHOUUUOLOO UU UOO OULU LUDL De hours. At the receiving end of the route, the railroads or the private owners of ore-receiving docks have ex- pended many millions in erecting un- loading machinery which in a few hours lifts in bites of 15 tons each the huge cargo from the vessel’s hold and deposits it on a dock or puts it aboard railroad trains of special ore cars carrying 50 to 55 tons each. So, too, with the coal carried up the lakes in millions of tons annually. The loaded railroad cars are grabbed up bodily by a great machine, and the contents HE side-haul railway dry dock is particularly adapted to rivers with a wide range of water level, where a minimum length of track is essential, and to the light-draft, flat-bottomed vessels which prevail Such rivers usu- dumped into the steamer’s hold. At upper lake docks this coal is unloaded by huge clamshells. The actual cost of loading ore and coal in this manner is only a few cents a ton, and the un- loading charge (for instance for ore it is 12 to 14 cents a ton) is compara- tively small. The railroads work very closely with the ore, coal and vessel people in this matter, in some cases expending millions in the building of docks and equipping them with ex- FATHLUTITUUNHUUGAUUUHLUGAILUALUCAUUOALUUGUULHTUUHAULOAUUGHALOGA COAT UUOALOSOULOA LOTT CUGAUOAUUOLUCPCOCUACUGOLULURLULOAUUUA LUA LOOACCOLUUGLLCUALLUGALCOLUGALULLOLCLEUCOAL ULE min UUUTEULULAAL PAM RULUALUOGA REGU UUUNAUOAURLUOA LOR UUOAAULOGALLCOHO LULU CUOOAOCUGAOCUUGOOOUOORTOUUGONUUOOHATIOUOAUOOOAIOOGAROTNUOHOUUUOOHIVIOGAALINUOAIIUUGHTAUOGAIITOOHTIONOOTIUUNVII fos Use Side-Haul Railway Dry Dock on Rivers 1500-ton side-haul railway drydock—Mississippi river commission, Memphis, Tenn. ally have a low water level lasting several months, with short high- water stages. During low water the rivers are shallow, requiring light- draft vessels, and these must be provided with dry docking facili- ties not only during the low-water Photograph reproduced and text reprinted through courtesy of The Crandall Engineering Co., STHIMUUITLOUOHAUCEAALULOALLUUUAAEUOORECUUOUALULOOTLOGGHATUOGOHUUOUGHUIUUOATCUOAOAULOGECUOOATUUUGALLUOGAOULUGONUUUOOOUUUUOATUOOEAOUOUOOHOUUGATUUUOOIUUOOOAONCOOATEOUUOOTOLOTAUEUOATIUOGHTICOGATITUOARIILOGAODORAOIUOGNILOGATIVOGMOTOOATUUOTTATILOAACOUOAREOUEOAII CCGA UOATITONNINUGHT LORAIN LNT A MM pensive machinery solely to insure get- ting the business of transporting this ore to inland blast furnaces which con- sume it. Thus the Northwest gets cheap coal and the steel industry obtains far cheaper raw material such as iron ore even after a vessel haul of 1000 miles from mine to lower lake port. And the railroads get profitable hauls. Methods Applied for Special Cargoes Some of this efficiency in handling bulk commodities has been transferred to the Ohio valley by the steel, coal MAKINE REVIEW 23 Coal from the moves in small and sand _ interests. mines, for instance, cars to tipples mounted on the river bank where it is dumped into river barges. When it gets down the river to the coke works of the Carnegie Steel Co. at Clairton, Pa., of the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. at Aliquippa, Pa., of the Pittsburgh Steel Co. at Monessen or of the Crucible Steel Co. at Midland, Pa., it is unloaded by clamshells or by special bucket unload- period, but during the flood period also, thus requiring a high lift. During the low water period sevy- eral vessels may be docked, one above the other, on the incline of such a side-haul dock. This is a most satisfactory type of dry dock. Boston, designers of this interesting ers on conveyor belts which carry it to the washers, crushers and finally discharge it into the coke ovens with- out human touch. Similarly, the sand interests unload the river barges by clamshell into hoppers on the river bank which in turn dump their con- tents into wagons or trucks driven un- derneath. But all various interests build solely for their own use, and their equipment and docks are of no general use to the public. Some of these machinery-equipped river terminals of the steel companies, TUTTE = PMI UUVTTHUPUALUMA LULA LLELUUCAALUCOHUCOAA ULE UUMAUOGAUUEA LUO LLCO TOGA LULHILAALUOOA TOO EOUUTATUUOTI TORII OOO OUL LEO COPAT OOOOH TOGA LOATH