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Equipment Used Afloat, Ashore Unit Type Electric Refrigerator—Electric Galley Equipment, How Heating Element Is Made — Steering Control for Diesel Ships — Cold Cut Saw -ECHANICAL refrigeration has M become so- generally used . ashore within the last year or two that it is no longer looked upon either as a luxury or as uncer- tain in operation. It has come to be UNIT TYPE ELECTRIC DRIVEN ICE MA- CHINE WITH AUTOMATIC CONTROL— PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR SHIP- BOARD USE expected that mechanical refrigeration will work day in and day out with- out breakdown. What has been true of shore practice has been doubly so of marine practice. No vessel today, whether on the Great Lakes, rivers or oceans, of any size, carrying any crew which feeds on board, would be considered properly equipped without an efficient mechanical refrigerator. The Phoenix Ice Machine Co., Cleveland, began building refrigerat- ing machinery 20 years ago. This company has studied particularly the needs and requirements of the marine field. That it has had success in do- ing so is evident by the fact that this type of ice machine has been installed in many of the newest vessels built on the Great Lakes. The new model, unit type ice ma- chine electrically driven illustrated and described here represents another forward _ step. This refrigerating machine unit consists of a two cylin- der compressor, driven by a link belt from an electric motor both mounted on a cast iron base. The link belt is enclosed and runs in oil. In the base of this unit is contained a combination ammonia condenser and receiver. Through this receiver runs a series of pipes conducting a con- tinuous stream of water. This: cir- culated cooling water serves to con- dense the ammonia -gas which is re- turned from the pipe coils in the cold chamber. The process of refrigeration may be briefly outlined as follows: The liquid ammonia passes through an au- tomatic expansion valve to the cool- ing system. At this valve the pres- sure is reduced below that at which condensation takes place. The boiling point is lowered with this reduction of pressure. As any liquid, including ammonia, will absorb a great deal of heat at this point, refrigeration takes place. Of course the reason why ammonia is used is that it will boil at a temperature very much lower than that of other liquids. At ordi- nary atmospheric pressure, for in- stance, the boiling point of ammonia is 28 degrees below zero. Naturally the purpose of the ice machine is to compress the vapor of the gas of the expanded ammonia. In the condenser the heat in the ammonia gas, the temperature of which has been raised ae BA ae Maman height i 5) i Fall Sai £ Phoenix Unit Type High Side by compression, is removed by means of the circulating water. In this machine the cylinders are made separately from the crank case so that should the cylinder or crank case be damaged by accident, repairs or replacements can be quite easily and quickly made. It is also claimed that in this way the internal strain caused by the expansion and con- traction of such large pieces of metal is eliminated. Features of Construction No other part of an ice machine has given so much trouble as the stuffing box. It has always been a job to keep the stuffing box tight and if an attempt is made to pack it too tightly, increase in friction causes loss in efficiency and it heats up giving constant trouble. In this machine an automatic stuffing box is provided, by means of a coil spring, between the packing rings of the stuffing box. This type of stuffing box is self adjusting, and takes care of the expansion and contraction in starting and stopping. It also gives effective lubrication. In place of the bulky condensing coils which are ordinarily associated with ice machines on board ship this particular unit is entirely self-con- tained and has a combination ammonia receiver and condenser in its own (Continued on Page 66) Mach Je’. 2"lew naa] fe [6o"| 64'| 64] fe feel es[ee" fe [ty a x PH feat] er" | 3a" Po] al se] 6] he | 30"] 35°[ 43" PL [ee] 3e"[ 55" iM [stats PN [3034 [ae fo | 2a'| 35°| 5a] Baron | | 94] Decne 1 wree | | | OLLI L/, ~ EAT f sy EERE RERYSSSSSAALLRRAR LUAU ae we wer cena raannnnnnLRARAnEnen enero TABLE OF OVERALL DIMENSIONS FOR DIFFERENT SIZES OF THE SELF CONTAINED (AMMONIA CONDENSER AND RECEIVER IN BASE) UNIT TYPE, ELECTRIC DRIVEN PHOENIX ICE MACHINE—AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL CONTROL AS DESIRED Phoenixlce Machine Co. Cleveland ,O. 32 i ag SCN Cea