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other suitable po- sition of advan- tage to the oper- ators, the desira- bility of prepar- ing engine room layouts with the auxiliary control- lers grouped in the switchboard type of units is quite obvious. Control panels de- signed for group mounting are eco- nomical of space, since the question of cabinet enclo- sure is not in- volved as in the case where _ indi- vidual controllers are set up throughout the engine room. The advantage of hav- ing many con- trollers grouped where repairs can be made in clean and dry surround- ings, are apparent. The renewal of fuses, although a comparatively easy matter, becomes a very simple prob- lem when the renewals can be made almost without taking the operator’s attention from the main s w.:tchboard, certainly without taking him from the operating platform. ELECTRIC DRIVEN The resistors for most of the en- gine room motors, being of a class for starting duty only, can be mount- ed in the rear of the control panels where adequate ventilation is possible, and repairs or changes in wiring can be made with comparative ease. The advantages obtained by the use of magnetic starters are en- hanced when the equipments are grouped in one location where the engineer in charge can supervise to the best possible advantage the op- eration of the auxiliaries. For this purpose, the installation of push but- tons at the control panels, in addi- tion to those at the motors, is recommended. Ventilating systems on shipboard are grouped to great advantage un- der the plan of centralized control. The location of the control station near the electrician’s or junior engi- “neer’s quarters, is convenient. Un- like the engine room equipment, the operation of the ventilating fans can- not be observed from the control sta- tion. Lamps to indicate which sys- tems are running, are mounted on the control panel. The practice of pro- WINCHES ON RAISED PLATFORMS, M. S. HOUSED BELOW viding centralized control for ventilation is more popular on eign vessels than on our own. Electrical Deck Auxiliaries Coming out on the exposed deck, one finds more rugged machinery than that below. Much has been written concerning this class of electrical equipment because of its difference from the usual types of shipboard apparatus. On deck the electric cargo winches are the ‘“money-makers” by reason of the savings which they effect in the cost of handling the cargo. Ef- forts are directed to speeding up the various operations so that the gangs of stevedores will not be idle, but will always have the benefit of the maximum possible efficiency of that type of drive’ which has never failed in its help to man. Although the winch motors and brakes have in general the same form for different vessels, the control equip- ment is not nearly so uniform. Both cam-operated and magnetic controllers have been supplied to various ves- sels by the company with which the writer is connected and both water- tight and non-watertight cam control has been used. Magnetic control panels are usually placed in a pro- tected location and hence are non- watertight. Also, it is preferable that resistors and protective panels be mounted away from the direct MARINE REVIEW—December, 1927 action of the weather. Obvious- - ly all forms of control equipment will be benefited by protection from the ship’s_ struc- ture itself. The watertight cam controller with separately mount- ed resistors and protective panel fulfills the re- quirements of pro- tecting most of the equipment. smaller part of the: equipment is exposed when magnetic type controllers are used with only the master switch- es on the open deck. Remotely operated, non- water-tight cam type controllers, located along with the protective panels and resistors in ‘suitable deck houses, are popular on the “well” type of vessel such as those recently converted to diesel drive by the United States shipping board. TAMPA—CONTROLS In case of cargo winches the con- troller sets up a different electrical circuit for lowering from that for hoisting. Control of the load during lowering is obtained by reason of the motor being overhauled (spur gear drive) and acting as a_ generator. Adjustments of the resistor values are made on the several points of the controller resulting in different lower- ing speeds suitable for efficient cargo handling. Members of the marine profession demand of the electric winch when lowering, stable speeds on all notches of the controller. This means that on the last controller notch lowering the load will not “run away’. Such is not the case with the steam winch for which the load can be made to “run away” with wide open throttle in the lowering direction. It is, therefore, evident that for this con- dition, the requirements imposed up- on electrical equipment are more ex- acting than those which are regard- ed as safe for steam winches. This is true also concerning the automatic setting and releasing of the solenoid brake attached to the motor shaft. For the purpose of stopping the equipment in an emer- gency, a push button station is used. 85