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the choice of the subject, and the thesis does not necessarily contain absolutely original work, but the stu- dent is required to show diligence in collecting available data concerning the subject, to show system and meth- od in arranging the material and to draw a sound and logical deduction from his material. The fourth year subjects are: Ac- counting, applied chemistry, electrical engineering elements, electrical engi- neering laboratory, engineering lab- oratory, hydraulics, marine diesel en- gines and auxiliaries, marine engine design, marine engineering, naval architecture, ship design, shipyard organization, steam turbines, testing materials laboratory, and_ general study. The subject of naval architecture begins with consideration of the units employed and the derivation from first principles of the various meth- ods and formulas which are used in practice for determining displacement, stability, and trim, strength, speed and power and other technical qual- ities of ships. Both the theoretical and practical problems of launching are considered. The influence of the tonnage and freeboard laws of vari- ous countries is considered and at- tention is given to the theory of deep sea waves and their effect on the strength of the vessel and her speed. The rolling of ships is investigated and the influence of subdivision by water-tight bulkheads on the safety of a ship when damaged by collision or grounding is also taken up. In the marine engineering classes considerable time is spent on _ the screw propeller and its design, as well as on the more practical appli- eation of principles previously stud- ied in heat engineering. The histor- ical development of the marine en- gine and boiler is traced and _ the important elements of the design in modern steam machinery are gone into in considerable detail so that the advantages and disadvantages of dif- ferent methods of propulsion can be compared. Ship Operation is Studied The course in ship operation given by the department of naval archi- tecture and marine engineering is of recent origin, having been established in 1925. It is designed to prepare men for ship operation and manage- ment, or other maritime pursuits, such as insurance, admiralty law and transportation. The new course is broad, covering the basic sciences, general studies, economics, business administration, the principles of mechanical and electrical engineering, a technical study of ships and their machinery, and ship operation. In many respects, it parallels the course in engineering administration given at the institute. The third year subjects are: Ap- plied mechanics, banking, corporate finance and _ investments, corporate organization, engineering laboratory, English, forging, heat engineering, marine engineering, naval architec- ture, ship construction, shipping ad- ministration, statistics, and terminal facilities. The fourth year subjects are: Ap- plied chemistry, business law, cost accounting, electrical engineering, en- gineering laboratory, foundry, indus- trial relations, machine tool labora- tory, marine diesel engines and aux- iliaries, marine engine design, marine engineering, materials of engineering, ship design, ship operation, steam turbines and auxiliaries, testing mate- rials laboratory, general study, and thesis. Shipping administration, given in the third year, is a subject specially prepared for this new course, and deals with freight and _ passenger traffic, chartering, brokerage, agree- ments and conferences, wharf man- agement and marine insurance. Ter- minal facilities is also a specially pre- pared subject, taking up the layout and facilities of the world’s leading ports, the handling of ships’ cargoes, piers, transit sheds, warehouses, rail- road facilities, cranes, etc. Ship operation, given in the fourth year is one of the most important Main Educational Group of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology—Pratt School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering at Extreme Left Attached to Main Group MARINE REVIEW—July, 1928 53