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economy in operating on local routes are desired. The Washington Iron Works is also building a 475 brake horsepower Washington diesel engine for instal- lation in a wooden ferry being con- structed at Astoria, Oregon, for the Astoria-North Bend Ferry Co. This vessel measures 120 feet over all, with molded beam of 36 feet, 40 feet over all and depth of 11 feet. She is V bottom, semi-tunnel stern type to give her unusually shallow draft, of seven feet required by the route. There will be accommodations for 35 auto- mobiles and attractive and comfort- able passenger quarters. Architect Joseph M. Dyer, Astoria, Oreg., de- signed the vessel. The engine is of the 8-cylinder direct reversing type, 13 x 16, and will give the ferry a minimum speed of about 12 knots. Lighthouse Tender Launched The new lighthouse tender LINDEN was launched at Jacksonville, Fla., at noon Mar. 7, after being christened by Miss Anne Merrill daughter of J. C. Merrill, vice-president and _ general manager of the firm building the ves- sel. The launching was successful in every way, according to E. C. Gillette, superintendent of naval construction, who went to Jacksonville for the occa- sion. The new tender, which will be com- pleted some time during the coming summer, will be used in Chesapeake Bay, where she will join the fleet of the fifth lighthouse district. General Electric to Equip New Panama Mail Liners The four new twin-screw express liners which will soon be built at the yard of the Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Kearny, N. J., for the Panama Mail Steamship Co., to operate between San Francisco and Los Angeles and New York, will be propelled by two 6000 horsepower General Electric geared turbines. Auxiliaries will be electrified by General Electric equipment. At sea, the supply of auxiliary electricity will normally be from two 500-kilowatt generators attached to the reduction At New York gears of the propulsion equipment, but this electricity may also be ob- tained from two 500-kilowatt tur- bine generator sets. The latter two sets will float on the electric system when the vessel is operating at the higher speeds but when the speed drops below 70 per cent of maxi- mum, the turbine generator sets will automatically take over the electric load of the auxiliaries. In port, elec- tricity will be supplied from a 200- kilowatt turbine generator set. The new ships will be 508 feet long and 72 feet beam and will have a deadweight capacity of 16,600 tons. Ship Construction Using _Isherwood Design INCE the use of the Isherwood method of ship construction was first used there has been a steady increase in the number of ships on which this system of construction has been employed. The six vessels with a dead weight carrying capacity of 31,608 tons ordered between Septem- ber, 1907 and 1908, increased to 1827 vessels of 15,357,460 tons dead- weight carrying capacity completed during 1930. The majority of the tankers com- pleted in 1930 were built under the Isherwood principle of longitudinal framing. This type of construction has become practically universal where the longitudinal system is used. During 1930, 29 vessels of this type totaling 409,200 tons dead weight carrying capacity, were completed under this method. Since the year 1929 was an exceptionally good one for tanker construction, contracts placed during 1930 show a large decrease. Of the 29 large tank- ers built, all but two of them were constructed on the bracketless sys- tem developed by Isherwood. These two vessels were specially designed in collaboration with the owners, on the Isherwood combination system which combines the usual longitu- dinal construction with the ordinary system of transverse construction. This combination system is the net result of several important changes which the regular system of longitu- Bunker Prices At Philadelphia Coal Fuel oil dinal construction has undergone to meet the conditions of modern ship design. This system of construction was used in building a number of cargo vessels and oil tankers laid down during 1930. In the list of vessels constructed under this system during 1930 are six large tankers built for the Stand- ard Shipping Co.; the tankers Harry F. SINCLAIR JR., and VIRGINIA SINCLAIR, both built by the Fore River plant of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Co. Lid. for the Sinclair Oil Co., were also built on the Isherwood bracket- less system. The list of vessels con- structed under this system also in- cludes the tankers G. HARRISON SMITH and W. S. FarisH built by the Fed- eral Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. for the Standard Shipping Co. These two vessels represent the finest type of tankers built during the year. They are fitted with high pressure double reduction De Laval steam turbines, developing 4400 shaft horsepower at 75 revolutions per minute. Steam is derived from two water tube boilers with 5080 square feet heating surface designed for 400 pounds working pres- sure and with super heat. Among the 1930 contracts of vessels to be built under the Isherwood system are included five more oil tankers build- ing at the Sun Shipbuilding Co., Chester, Pa., one 10,000 and one 13,- 000-ton tanker building at Burmeis- ter and Wain, Copenhagen, a tank- er of 11,000 tons for Norwegien own- ers, nine large oil tankers of 16,200 tons dead weight carrying capacity for the Standard Shipping Co. and a number of 10,000-ton tankers for the British Tanker Co. Ltd. Plan Double Deck Barges Plans for the construction of double- decked barges to be used in deliver- ing automobiles to the distributing points on _ the _ Illinois-Mississippi rivers, are being prepared for the Ford Motor Co. These barges will be approximately 300 feet in length by 40 feet breadth and will have a Ca- pacity of 150 cars each. It is the plan of the Ford Motor Co. to operate these barges on the Great Lakes-to- Mississippi waterway when it is com~ pleted. Other Ports Boston, coal, per ton... trim in bunk’ alongside oil alongside Boston, oil, f. a. 8., per per ton per barrel per gallon 3 Mar. 18, 1931.4.85@5. 1. 4. Hampton Roads,coal, per ee aneete re 12 ton, Fob. permet os to 4.50 pe $e Jan. 8—Cardiff, per ton London, coal, per ton... —s -d Antwerp, coal, per ton..19s 9d Antwerp, Fuel oil, per ton. 678 6d Antwerp, Diesel oil, or Diesel engine Diesel engine oil alongside per gallon Coal Fuel oil alongside alongside per ton per barrel ane 1f...... 5.00@5.25 ay 18, 1930.5.00@S5. 1 4. 1 4, 1 4. 1 4, 1 4.9 1 4. 1 4. 1 4. 1 4. 1 4. 1 4. PP PP PP Pop Pp MARINE REeview—April, 1931 83