The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

; 3 ‘the total ship cost. lron and Steel Products Used by Shipbuilding Industry and steel products by the Ameri- can shipbuilding industry is es- timated at not less than $36,000,000. This appraisal of the importance of shipbuilding to the iron and steel in- dustry was given members of the American Iron and Steel institute in New York, May 22, by H. Gerrish Smith, vice president, Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. Ltd., New York, who in presenting it recalled that the United States is celebrating its third centenary of shipping. In Fig. 1 is shown percentage of wooden and of iron ship tonnage con- structed in the United States and in Teves annual demand for iron Great Britain at 10-year intervals from 1850 to 1920 and discloses that while Great Britain was constructing one-half her tonnage of iron in 1863, this condition was not reached in the United States until 1900. Fig. 2 shows the transition from sail to steam in these two countries. Here again Great Britain led by reaching 50 per cent of steam tonnage for her entire mercantile fleet in 1884, while the United States did not reach this percentage until 1895, although she had led in the percentage of steam tonnage until after the Civil war. Some time ago, Mr. Smith super- vised an analysis of the value and Source of supply of each important group of material required in the construction of a typical $15,000,000 Passenger ship with geared turbine drive. This analysis revealed that the money value of materials and equip- Ment is $7,620,000. The materials May be divided into three groups as Shown in the accompanying table. A conservative estimate of the money value of steel and iron prod- ucts in this typical vessel is $3,048,- 000, which is 40 per cent of the to- tal material cost or 20 per cent of A similar analy- sis of the material items required in the construction of a cargo vessel and of an oil tanker indicates that the iron and steel needed in each case are at least 30 and 35 per cent of the total ship cost, or consider- ably higher than in the case of a passenger vessel. A more recent survey conducted by the National Council of American Shipbuilders shows that a composite shipbuilding program of the various types and numbers of ships that must be constructed annually to maintain our present tonnage of ships of all types and sizes upon the seas in both domestic and foreign trade requires CUUTPUTLE LUT LEA LUO LOL UE Fig. 1—Transition from wood to iron and steel in shipbuilding. Ton- nage comparison be- tween vessels built and registered in the United States and Great Britain expressed as percentage of total annual tonnage added PULSAR ULLAL a continuous annual expenditure of $75,000,000. Total value of material for this composite group of vessels is $40,264,200 or 53.7 per cent of the total. The largest group is machin- ery at a cost of $14,045,200 and the next largest group, structural steel and castings, at a cost of $10,472,- 000. A conservative estimate of the to- QUNUUANUSLNUGULUULLUTIUNENIN Fig. 2—Transition from sail to steam in ship- building. Tonnage com- parison between vessels registered in United States and Great Brit- ain expressed as per- centage of total tonnage registered UTANDULLLNEANUTTIATUNUNGDIUME MARINE REVIEW—June, 1931 tal requirement for iron and _ steel products in this composite program is in excess of $20,000,000, which is 50 per cent of total material costs or 27 per cent of total ship cost. To obtain the total iron and steel re- quirements annually for the indus- try, there must be added to this fig- ure $5,000,000 for government work in navy yards, excluding armor and guns; $3,000,000 for government work in private yards; $6,000,000 for work on Great Lakes and rivers; and $2,000,000 for work in ship re- pair plants. This gives the $36,000,- 000 figure mentioned at the outset. (Main Engine is Broken Down into Basic items) Group I Value Steel plates, shapes and sheets $920,000 Rivets and: bolts: <.233.40s 126,000 Steel and iron pipe .........0...ccc0e0000 84,000 Steel foreines 333 48 ce 192,000 Steel castings cas 159,000 iron’ castings 20 90,000 Wire cable and rigging ............ 15,000 ANCHOLS] wicca betes 9,000 ANCHOM CHAINS: 20 cn 27,000 BOMECTS 2 inne ee 640,000 Power: doors: 3 ois: 50,000 Reduction gears .... eiviotsace 210,000 Total of iron and steel items..$2,522,000 Per cent of total materials.... Bork Group II Deck Machinery. 256)40.ce0scscs $150,000 Engine room steam auxiliaries 60,000 Motors and generators ............. 405,000 ValVes: ansehen aici ieee 105,000 GOSS Bae eek 50,000 PAT AWeaLe= ii. tieeteicsaseenanesuausdaws 90,000 , Refrigerating machinery ........... 135,000 Wentilation Ga iakicccs eae 100,000 Steam and electric pumps ........ 180,000 Soot DIOWRIS: - 325. civic euanens 60,000 Heaters and evaporators............. 30,000 TRYUSt DEALINGS “tiers cece "POOIS ss accsaas oisokcsaseoestcsseeeaseinevaee Rigeine- DIOCKS |< ci.cv.cwceissscecoss Galley outfit ................ ne Plumbing fixtures Air compressors and separat- ODS ease 12,000 Total of items made largely of ironcand. steel ie a $1,763,00 Per cent of total materials... 23.2 : Group III Other materials containing lit- tle or no steel or iron............ $3,335,000 Per cent of total materials........ 43.7 Total, materials: <5in. ikea $7,620,000 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 53