The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

Mae cFications for Welding Steel Determined by Curve material has constituted a _ baf- fling problem in the application of electric are welding. What causes one weld to be solid and dense and the next to be porous? Variability in the steel itself is believed to be the answer. As a result of extensive research on this subject, Wilmer E. Stine, research laboratories, Lincoln Elec- tric Co., Cleveland, reached conclu- sions enabling him to develop a graphic formula, known as the Lin- coln-Stine equilibrium curve, by which it is claimed that exact speci- fications for steels of good weldabil- ity can be determined. Difficulties encountered in produc- ing sound welds in various grades of steel heretofore were thought to be due to the electrodes and process employed, but the investigator be- lieved the difficulty lay within the steel. To prove this ‘contention, re- search beyond the usual analysis of steelS was necessary. Data were collected from steel producers as to exact conditions and methods under which the steel samples to be tested were made. With this information, thousands of samples were welded, tested and analyzed, the _ results forming the basis for the curve. Prsteriar of weld or deposited Formula Indicates Analyses How to determine the correct pro- portions of the elements in the steel for best welding is said to be a sim- ple matter when using the accom- panying graphic formula. For ex- ample, if steel having 0.20 per cent carbon is required, the curve shows Te O02 LOTTE TUET TUTE TUEATTTUTH CUA UOAA OOOH OOOHTUUAT COAT UOT ERLE i) no Ol/ pee 10 XO Curve for determining a analysis of steels best 09 § 209 S adapted for arc weld- & ing. For example, the ®&°S8 proper analysis for an \978g97 0.18 per cent carbon & e steel is shown to be ©%29%6 ;006 . . pe) 0.019 per cent silicon &o5Roo5 and 0.37 per cent man- § ©@& ganese. Aluminum ad- Ses ditions should beavoid- S & ed or kept very low ae ras: 0230.02 vj TT TTTTTTTTHAAUUTTFELTOTIUOTTTHATA PLU UTTATUHTUOTOOOTTTT TECH Q/ OO/ 00 58 Pao | Te ee aes Oe ee that the silicon content should be approximately 0.021 per cent and manganese 0.40 per cent. If the steel has been deoxidized in manufacture by addition of alumi- num, the amount of this element present should not be more than 0.002 per cent. The aluminum con- tent should be avoided or kept low because aluminum content is diffi- cult to determine by analysis, and the presence of aluminum oxide is objectionable because of its high melting temperature which lies be- tween the maximum § steelmaking temperatures and maximum = arc welding temperatures. In are welding steels, produced ac- cording to the equilibrium curve, there is said to be no chemical re- action when the temperature of the metal falls to the point only slightly above the temperature at which steel solidifies. It is only when such chem- ical equilibrium is obtained that minimum porosity of weld metal is assured, which in turn, means denser, stronger, tougher welds. In conducting the research, the investigator also felt that in steels not having the proper proportions of elements for good welding, chemical equilibrium at the proper tempera- ture might be brought about by the use of a corrective flux or autogen- izer fused into the stéel during the welding process and during the re- search developed fluxes or autogen- izers for this purpose. Thus, when it is found that the composition of the steel on hand does not meet the requirements indicated by the ie ee ee Pe ae 0 = 02 0.3 O4. Os Carbon Per Cent MARINE REVIEW—J une, 1931 graphic formula, the steel can many times be satisfactorily welded when such balancing flux or autogenizer is applied. John Watt was elected vice presi- dent and general manager of the Kensington Shipyard & Drydock Corp. at the meeting of the board of direc- tors at Philadelphia Mar. 17. Mr, Watt has been associated with the cor- poration since February 1928 when the Kensington Shipyard & Drydock Corp. was purchased from the Wn. Cramp & Sons Ship and Engine Build- ing Co. Secretary Mellon Attends Coast Guard Exercises ECRETARY ANDREW MELLON of the treasury laid the corner. stone of the new Coast Guard acad- emy at New London, Conn., on May 15 and attended the graduation ex- ercises while Rear Admiral Billard gave commissions to the 33 cadets who were graduated as ensigns. In his address to the graduation class, Mr. Mellon praised the record of the service and congratulated the young men on becoming part of the organi- zation. The illustration shows En- sign C. B. Arrington of Baltimore, honor student, being congratulated by Secretary Mellon for winning the McAllister award for proficiency in engineering and having the highest average in his three years at the academy. His three years’ average was 92.54. Consolidated net income of Atlan- tic, Gulf & West Indies Steamship lines and subsidiaries, as shown by the annual report for 1930, amounted to $589,533, a decrease of $2,280,381 from the 1929 figures.