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Pounds of fuel oil per S. H. P. per hour for all purposes 200 300 400 500 600 Steam Pressure in pounds per square inch The upper and middle divisions of the curve were plotted from operating records of ships in service. The lowest oil consumption shown is based on the use of steam pressures and equipment similar to those in up-to-date stationary plants, and adapted to marine use. Naturally a graph as simple as this: one must be approximate, and of use only in a comparative way to show relative values since no account is taken of steam temperature or other variables which effect fuel consumption. The curve does show, however, the striking difference between Old Steam and Modern Steam as well as the possibili- ties for a further reduction in operating costs beyond those already realized aboard ship. Modern Steam is not only showing the greatest true economy today but further economies are possible through the use of steam at pressures and temperatures higher than those adopted for marine service up to this time. No other propulsion system now in use holds such truly remarkable possibilities for further savings. t the Low Cost End of the Curve... Modern Steam HIS curve not only shows the approximate relation between steam pressure and fuel oil consumption but shows the savings possible through the use of Modern Steam. Between the two ends of the curve... at about .65 pounds of fuel oil per shaft horsepower per hour... there is a condition easily met with Modern Steam even in a ship of small size, such as one of 2000 horse- power. This oil consumption combined with the low cost of boiler fuel represents the lowest cost of fuel per S. H. P. per hour of any propulsion system now in use. Steamships are now in operation using less than this amount of fuel while others under construction are guaranteed to equal or better this performance. Ships using Modern Steam attain this economy with equipment of relatively low first cost, decidedly low repair and maintenance charges, of demonstrated reli- ability, and equipment that utilizes a wide variety of low priced fuels including Bunker C oil. That the United States Marine Industry leads the world in clear thinking on this subject is shown by a recent report of the American Bureau of Shipping covering the principal horsepower built or contracted for in this country during last year. Of all the ships of 9000 horsepower or over, more than 89% of the total power is steam. The propulsion systems for ships of this size are selected not by guess but only after careful and thorough analyses of operating costs including fixed charges on machinery and fuel costs per shaft horse- power per hour for all purposes. THE BABCOCK & WILCOX 85 LIBERTY ST. COMPANY NEW YORK, N. Y. MARINE REviEw—June, 1931 63