Maritime History of the Great Lakes

Marine Review (Cleveland, OH), July 1931, p. 42

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Practical hae: fo Cut Conducted by H.E.STOCKER a fiCosts in Carqo hanating Pier Layout and Equipment at Paname or Economical Cargo | ranster VER a million and a quarter O tons of cargo are handled yearly at the ports of Cristo- bal and Balboa on the Panama canal. The volume of cargo for the last ten years and the description of the piers and wharves over which the cargo is handled, is shown in accompanying tables. At piers 6 and 7 it is endeavored to discharge all ships from Central and South American ports landing such cargo as coffee, cocoa, wood, hides, copper, etc. as this is nearly all transhipment freight to be deliv- ered to other ships and can be most economically handled by industrial equipment with the free movement of which depressed tracks would inter- fere. On the other hand, piers 8 and 9 are used for unloading vessels from Europe and the United States bring- ing in addition to transfer cargo, large quantities for the Republic of Panama and the Panama canal, near- ly all of which has to be loaded in cars, for which the depressed tracks are essential for economical handling. The general scheme is that if a vessel takes sufficient cargo to war- rant the expense, it will be shifted from a discharging to a loading pier. As to stevedoring equipment used, net slings are most common, although at times board. slings, boxes, hooks and other special equipment is used when handling commodities to which the net sling is not adapted. At the canal the net sling is con- sidered well suited to 90 per cent of the cargo handled. General cargo 42 By H. E. Stocker from the United States and Europe is seldom received in uniform lots; packages varying greatly in size, shape and weight. Cargo from Cen- tral and South America is largely bagged and to handle the same num- ber of bags of such cargo, with a: rope, or combination rope and can- vas sling, as handled in a net sling draft, would result in damage to the load either by cutting the bags with the rope, or by their touching the hatch coamings and _ stanchions, thereby bursting the taut bags. The net sling affords considerable protec- tion to the draft and permits it to be made up in the wings and fore and aft of the hatch, and dragged over the deck to the square of the hatch. AETUTUVETTUAUA DOA UUAUAATEAUOALOATEEAU OL Cristobal, Canal Zone piers. Load- ed skids landed on trailers for long haul VETTEL LEA UUH CEA UCOEL MARINE REVIEW—July, 1931 This is a valuable feature in rainy or drizzly weather. For certain commodities there is a special equipment; in the case of cop- per for instance there is a modifica- tion of the net sling. It is smaller, made of heavier rope and is well padded with ‘‘frazzed out’’ rope. The latter serves several purposes, bars cannot fall out, nor cut the rope of the sling on landing. It also saves considerable wear and tear on decks of steamers and docks. Large quantities of corrugated sheet iron are handled and to pre- vent nipping the edges by chain or cable slings and bending corners, a sort of double box sling is used, each box having three sides, and connected

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