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and diesel as primary power in 86 or 38.3 per cent, a definite gain over the earlier year. A much more striking difference, however, is registered in thetendency away from coal as fuel. For the year 1924, 31 units represent- ing: 20.1 per TANKER—COAST, BAYS FERRY—BAYS, RIVERS CARFERRY—OCEAN CARFERRY—LAKES cent used coal as fuel, whereas during the year 1931 only 6 ves- sels were listed as burning coal representing 6.4 TOWBOAT—HARBORS TOWBOAT—LAKES TOWBOAT—RIVERS FISHING—OCEAN | FIREBO AT—HARBORS per cent. All others were [SPECIAL—OCEAN | either steam, burning fuel oil under boilers or diesel. The recip- rocating steam engine, it is evident from these. definite figures, has had a serious decline. Of the 101 vessels listed in 1924, no less than 58 were fitted with steam reciprocating machinery or 57.4 per cent of the total. For the year 1931 out of 94 vessels listed, only 22 were fitted with steam reciprocating machinery or 23.4 per cent of the total. This is a,proof of the gradual passing of coal as fuel and of the reciprocating steam engine as power. Coming now to current conditions it is inter- esting to note the increase in steam turbine geared drive. Of the 94 vessels listed no less than 26 are fitted with this type of machinery, representing 27.7 per cent of the total number. A further analysis in one of the other tables shows that the total gross tonnage of these 26 vessels amounted to 246,539 tons or 60.9 per ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN MERCHANT SHIPBUILDING— cent of the total gross tonnage. The total horse- power in turbine geared drives is 277,155 or 59.4 per cent of the total horsepower in all the 94 vessels. The average gross tonnage of the 10 vessels fitted with turbine electric drive is 8824 and the av- erage horsepow- er is 12,2442 In this case the av- erage gross ton- nage per vessel MARINE REVIEW Daeeromver | ie fb | or a Pa |) Pe en ae | 6 Lt be is somewhat less than for the tur- bine geared drive, but the av- erage horsepow- er per vessel is greater by about 16 per cent. Diesel direct drive was somewhat greater in percentage of units than for the year 1930, but diesel electric drive in percentage of units, dropped from 15.4 per cent for 1930 to 5.3 per cent in 1931. The average size of diesel direct units showed a marked falling off for the year 1931 as compared with the year 1930; the aver- age gross tonnage for the year 1931 being 1567 as compared with 3027 for the year 1980. The drop in average horsepower for the diesel direct unit was however much smaller, being 1274 for the year 1931 and 1358 for the year 1930. Some decline was shown in the average gross ton- nage of units fitted with diesel electric drive, the average gross tonnage for 1931 being 370 and for 1930 being 512. The average horse- power for this type of drive showed little de- cline, being 485 for 1931 and 508 for 1930. Distinctive Ships---Where to Find Them Passenger Ships Name and Service Page Florida, Ocean, Passenger, Freight ................ 19 Mariposa, Ocean, Passenger, Freight ................ 1b President Coolidge, Ocean, Passenger, Freight 17 President Hoover, Ocean, Passenger, Freight.... 14 Talamanca, Ocean, Passenger, Freight ............ 16 Freighters Edgewater, Cargo, Canal, Great Lakes .............. 20 Ferries Knickerbocker, Passengers and Vehicles .......... 18 San Diego, Passengers and Vehicles ................ 21 Tankers Name and Service Page New York Socony, Coastwise, BayS...............6.068 BY White Flash, Coastwise, Bays ...........cccecseecsee sees 26 Towboats Harry B. Williams, Great Lakes ..................:0060 30 Manio, Harbors, Ocean =. ccs cs ci ieee 22 Mark Twain, Western RivefPs ............cccceeeceeneeeee 24 Richmond, ‘Harbors: Bays sic. ccctscsucnnpoccsssncnewens. 34 Special Types Cayuga, Coast Guard, Cutter re ceiis..c psc cccues 28 John J. Harvey, Fire Boat, New York ............ 23 Thetis, Coast Guard: Patrol cvisiccscseiecsccsieveovnesss 25 See Pages 44-45, for Complete Shipyard Record MARINE REview—April, 1932 13