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Modern Equipment Used on Detroit Harbor Terminal equipped to load and unload all types of bulk and _ package freight, In the latter class the list in- cludes anything that can be loaded onto a hand truck, from Milwaukee- made beer to California-packed canned goods, Cranes are used in handling sugar, woodpulp, newsprint paper, steel, pig iron, bulk chemicals, scrap paper, scrap metals, boxed automo- biles and other commodities to which this type of equipment is suited. These electric cranes are self-pro- pelled and can be placed in service at any point on the dock, which is 1400 feet in length. In addition there are two locomo- tive steam cranes, operating on the wharf tracks as well as in a 12-acre storage yard, and two gasoline-pro- pelled cranes of the caterpillar type. These four cranes range from 10 to 385 tons capacity and have booms varying in length from 40 to 70 feet. They are used for sugar, baled wood- pulp and various other commodities. Te Detroit Harbor Terminal is Direct from Ship to Truck It may be interesting to note that twenty-five 100-pound bags of sugar, or six bales of woodpulp, each bale approximating 400 pounds, may be lifted from the ship’s hold and set down directly upon a_ four-wheel truck for transfer to cars or ware- house, without having touched the dock. In these operations a skip is used for the sugar and a general clamp hook for woodpulp. This hook is designed according to the terminal companies own specifications and does not injure the pulp in any way. Three portable ramps, for loading automobiles and trucks under their 34 own power, are also in service. The terminal facilities include a modern general and cold storage warehouse of 7,500,000 cubic feet capacity, a marine warehouse and the large storage yard mentioned above, Since each type freight usual- ly is moved between vessel and a given one of these points, a section of the dock is segregated for loading and unloading each class of cargo. Oceasional exceptions are necessary, of course, but in ordinary practice it is found this arrangement saves time and promotes efficiency. In case of freight transferred directly between vessel and railroad cars the cars are spotted according to the same plan. Traffic over the terminal is in- creasing steadily, having equalled that of 1929 in the months of May, June and July of 1933. Lines Using the Terminal Among the lines using the dock are the Minnesota-Atlantic Transit Co., Great Lakes Transit Corp., Sea- board-Great Lakes Corp., National Motorship Corp., Tree Line Naviga- tion Co., Colombian Steamship Co., Canada Steamship lines and others. Many foreign ships, directly from overseas ports, also call at the ter- minal, Flash and Fire Points Because of the confusion frequently existing as to the meaning of “flash point” and “fire point” of a petroleum product, it is interesting to quote in part from an article on this subject ap- pearing in the Texas Co.’s publication Lubrication for November, 1933. “When the temperature of a petro- ® Gantry crane Harbor Terni- nal discharging newsprint pa- per from ship designed espe- cially for han- dling this kind of cargo MARINE REVIEW—January, 1934 at the Detroit . leum product is gradually raised, a point will be reached where enough surface vapor is developed to ignite for a moment upon the application of a flame. The temperature of the oil at the moment of flash is regarded as the flash point of the product tnder test. “After having reached the tempera- ture of the flash point continued heat- ing, until the oil ignites and continues to burn for a period of at least five seconds, gives the temperature which is recorded as the fire point.” Definite instructions are given by various organizations including the American Society for Testing Mate- rials as to the procedure to be fol- lowed in the tests to determine flash and fire points. On Checking Corrosion It is generally recognized that in the shipping industry rust and corro- sion are a constant concern of the owner and operator in safeguarding ships and equipment from rapid de- terioration. Everything that bears on this problem in an authoritative man- ner is therefore of interest to the marine industry. In this connection the Dearborn Chemical Co., Chicago, has just pub- lished a book of real educational value in outlining specific methods for pro- tecting iron and_ steel from _ rust. Numerous cases are pointed out where proper protection has preserved steel equipment for many extra years of service. These examples will be of special interest to those responsible for the maintenance and proper up- keep of floating property. Copies of this book may be obtained by addressing, Department 0-2, Dear- born Chemical Co., 310 South Michi- gan avenue, Chicago. Elevator for Normandie A special automobile elevator, the largest and most unusual ever proj- ected for ship use, is being built by Otis-Pifre in Paris for the new French liner NorMANpIgE, the 72,000-ton ship that will go into service in 1935, ac- cording to the international division of the Otis Elevator Co. With a lifting capacity of 11,000 pounds, the elevator will be by far the heaviest duty elevator ever to be installed in a commercial ship. In addition it will have a radically new feature in a turntable that will per- mit the easy storing of automobiles in the hold. This turntable will be manually controlled and will operate on the 22-foot long elevator platform. The automobile elevator will have a speed of 100 feet a minute, and will have the same features as modern building elevators, micro self leveling and automatic push button control.