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Js eful die on (arg SO [[andling HEN starting an investiga- W i of a problem it is like- ly to be a costly mistake to neglect to find out what others have done in connection with the same problem, The very essence of scien- tific management is to avoid waste of time, money and effort by ascertain- ing the experience of others and car- rying on further investigation from that point, Self sufficiency may have been all right in the pioneering era of American economic life, but pres- ent day conditions demand the co- ordination of effort and the _ inter- change of information and ideas. In every business a margin has been found between the earnings of ordi- nary management and scientific man- agement. In one case, stating it conserva- tively, net earnings could be in- ereased sufficiently to pay the entire capital charges of interest and amor- tization by utilizing the _ scientific method, in part only, in managing the traffic and cargo handling of the business. What it amounts to in this case is simply making a thorough analysis to get the facts and then basing decisions upon these “‘real’’ facts rather than depending on guesses and opinion, The facts thus ascertained would be applied by an efficient organization and manage- ment developed in the same analyti- cal way. There is no logical objection to the use of this method. Opposition is found because its proponents are frequently lacking in an understand- ing of its practical application and practical executives are lacking in knowledge of the details of the meth- od. This section strives to combine both the theoretical and practical aspects of a problem. Double Hatch Boards HE following method for con- struction of double hatch boards is suggested by the accident preven- tion department of Pacific American Steamship association: Stock to be 38 inches thick sized both sides, fas- tened together with one-half inch iron tie-rods placed 6 inches from the ends of the cover and one or more in the center of the board if required. Rods are to be fitted with washers and riveted on both ends; ends of boards to be strapped with a strip of No. 22 gage galvanized iron 4 inches wide starting 1 inch from the end of the board. WUT LE GE CCC oe page is being devoted to short items on all matters having to do with the more efficient turn- around of ships. These items are in- tended to be of a helpful nature. We will welcome for this page brief descriptions, illustrated if possible, of any better or safer way of perform: ing any function in cargo handling. Also, any questions submitted will be answered by the editor. SU TIDSSST ESST Hand-holes 41% inches in diameter by 1% inches deep, are to be placed not less than 10 inches and not more than 12 inches centers from the end of the board and fitted with a hand- Prip- of 5/16 x 144 °x. 7. inches eal- vanized half round iron, secured by two 5/16 x 21-inch tire bolts coun- ter sunk and riveted. One hand- hold is to be placed in each board at opposite ends and sides. Paper Shipped on Skids FLAT stock printing paper A company advises that they sell case paper at list. Where a custom- er will allow shipment of 3000 pounds or over, skidded, they make an allowance of 15 cents a hundred- weight, or $4.50 for the minimum load of 3000 pounds. It is said that this saving of 15 cents per hundredweight represented about one-third of the total savings to the printer as the paper arrived in better condition—no wrinkled sheets at the top and bottom of the case had to be thrown out—the paper was ready for feeding to the press immediately upon removing the wrapping, and the paper did not have to be handled out of the cases which always resulted in some dam- age. A successful experiment was com- pleted recently by an _ intercoastal line in the use of dry ice for refrig- erating cargo. On Using Equipment NE large company has a miscel- laneous collection of equip- ment on one of its large terminals. Some of it is admirably suited to the conditions, but some of it is entirely MARINE REVIEwW—January, 1934 unsuited, Money would be saved by giving it away, Some of this accumulation of equipment is the result of a lack of organization stability and now that the organization plan is settled the purchases are not suitable because there is not one person in the or- ganization With the understanding of the fundamentals of cargo handling and sufficient background of experi- ence, Expenditures Justified HE scientific method can be of material aid in achieving the fundamental goal of business, be- cause an essential of this method is the contemplation of the whole sit- uation, while not overlooking de- tails. Every dollar expended in the way of a capital investment, and every dollar expended for operating expenses is expended with the ob- jective of obtaining the maximum net profit for the company. A man untrained in the scientific method, will, regardless of the amount of his common sense, miss opportunities for profit because no one is broad enough to know all the methods and principles of the scien- tific method without training. Cleaning deep tanks for carriage of bulk oil is often difficult. One - line has found that by dumping kerosene into the tank and then steaming it, the cleaning is greatly facilitated. Bales of compressed cotton stow 21 cubie feet to the bale in single deck ships and 22 cubic feet to the ton in ’tweendeck ships. Standard Turnbuckles IMPLIFIED practice recommend- S ation, covering turnbuckles, has been reaffirmed, without change, by the standing committee of the in- dustry, aceording to an announce- ment by the division of simplified practice of the bureau of standards. This recommendation, which was proposed and developed by the in- dustry, covers the diameter and the opening (in inches), of turnbuckles with and without stubs, and of turn- buckles with hook, eye and jaw ends. This program, as originally made effective in 1928, recommended a re- duction in the number of stock sizes of turnbuckles, from 248 to 115. 35