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Us eful [Jints on (argo [Jandling ICE is subject to absorbing taint PA and odor of other cargo stowed in the same compartment. It is, therefore, necessary to arrange spe- cial stowage for rice and see that only those commodities are stowed in the same compartment which are free from odor. Rice is subject to heating and, therefcre, requires ventilation, when any large quantities are shipped and passage ranges from 15 to 30 days in transit. This, however, is overcome by the installation of air ducts in the cargo. This matter is earefully watched by the representa- tives of the New York board of Un- derwriters, who, when advised that a eargo of rice is being shipped, care- fully inspect the holds to see that they are free cf weevils and other insects, and of oil odors from the bilges. They also inspect the holds to see that they are clean, and that suitable dunnage is laid, so that cargo will have room for ventilation on the ceiling, and that it is not permitted to come in contact with the steel stanchions or ship’s side. When the rice is floored off five or six tiers deep, air ducts, made up of 1 inch x 6 inch material, separated so that a trunk of about ten inches wide is developed, are laid fore and aft and athwartships through the holds so that any excess heat can be conveyed to a vertical section of the duct and then through the ventila- tors into the compartments above. In this manner, by having ducts located about five tiers apart, it has been possible to deliver in good condition rice cargoes loaded in the Gulf. The 100-pound packet of rice is a package which permits easy and quick handling, and does not over- load or stress the material of which the bag is made. It also aids in de- livering good salable cargo. Rice, while not as heavy as bulk cargo, stows in about 55 cubic feet per ton, making excellent weight cargo when combined with cotton, lumber and other light materials—Lykes Fleet Flashes. Air-Conditioned Holds TUDY of stowage of apples has disclosed that more than 13 per cent carbon dioxide gas content of the air in the hold will cause de- terioration of the fruit. A small amount of carbon dioxide acts as a preservative. Experiments in Eng- land indicate 7 per cent as the CUMULEAUEANNEONGDECAGUNGNANNUAORNDUSOMEUNUEONDOGEOAGUUOEADOCAROEEATUNTTAtOUT ANNA TENA NLAA ENN HIS page is being devoted to short items on all matters having to do with the more efficient turn- around of ships. These items are in- tended to be of a helpful nature. We will welcome for this page brief descriptions, illustrated if possible, of any better or safer way of perform. ing any function in cargo handling. Also, any questions submitted will be answered by the editor, SU SLIP SUELO cc correct amount. To obtain this amount of gas in the air, the air in the experimental hold was ex- hausted, and new air admitted with the exact amount of carbon dioxide gas needed for the best protection of the fruit. Ships have been constructed with air-tight holds for carying perish- ables from Australia with the air in the holds conditioned as described above. Uncrated Automobiles N AUTOMOBILE fastening de- vice has been designed to se- cure unboxed automobiles on board a steamer without the. use of lum- ber, and to provide a safe fasten- ing which will entirely eliminate all danger of cars becoming loose or chafing during a transatlantic voy- age.. It has been in use on Black Diamond line’s steamers for more than a year and a half, and during this period not a single complaint has been received and not a cent in damage claims has been paid although a very large number of au- tomobiles has been carried to Eu- rope during this period. The device, which was originated by M. J. Hanlon, vice president and operating manager of the Black Dia- mond lines, consists of a cast steel deck fitting permanently installed, watertight, in the bridge deck or ’tween deck plating, specially de- signed hooks equipped with a right and left hand thread, and a chain provided with a canvas protecting sleeve which surrounds the front and back axles of the car. The chain is dropped into the claw hook and the turn buckle set up by hand, without the aid of a lever, re- sulting in the auto being securely fastened to deck of the steamer on its own wheels. No rolling or pitch- ing has yet resulted in autos so fas- MARINE REVIEW—ZJuly, 1934 —— SS OLS ae =e. tened ever shifting or becoming dis- lodged in the slightest degree. In the event that tires become somewhat deflated during the voyage it is a very simple matter to take up on the turn buckles. Cars can be loaded and discharged rapidly and at much less expense as the labor involved is a minimum and the excessive cost of chocking lum- ber is eliminated. The device can be transferred from one vessel to an- other as demands of traffic dictate. Another important advantage is that automobiles may be stowed ’thwart- ship with perfect safety. Handling Strongbacks HE M. S. ANNA MAERSK has a Tia effective arrangement for handling strongbacks. A device is provided which permits raising the beam about 2 inches after which it is rolled to the end of the hatch. The device for performing this operation consist of a flanged wheel, about 8 inches in diameter, which is fitted to an eccentric arrangement operated by a handle. The device is fastened to the strongback by two clamps which are held securely in position by a set screw. By manipulating the handle after the clamps have been secured, the eccentric action causes the beams to be raised and then it is rolled to the end of the hatch, the flanged wheels rolling along the top of the hatch coaming. Newsprint paper is stowed on end. If the deck is damp from other cargo such as beer in kegs, paper is spread on the deck before the paper is stowed . The paper used is that ob- tained from cars which bring the paper from the mill to the port. If wet cargo is to be carried in the same compartment sawdust is placed around the wet cargo to prevent the liquid from reaching the paper. Executives often raise more ot a fuss over small unimportant items than they do over more important items, Possibly it is explained by one old time shipping man—‘‘When you make a mistake which costs the company a lot of money you feel as bad about it as I do, therefore 1 don’t say much about it. I do crit- icise you severely when you make a small mistake because I am afraid that you might think that small mis- takes are unimportant.’’ 31