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Pra tical Ways to Cut Conducted by H.E.STOCKER age d a flCosts in’ Cargo 0 ti YeE= =) es Automobiles Transported by |_ake Vessels Quickly loaded and Discharged Co., operating on the Great Lakes, is the nearest approach to the ideal in obtaining quick turnaround of ships that the writer has seen recent- ly. For example, the S. S. GRAHAM C. WooprurF loaded a full cargo of au- tomobiles at Detroit in 2 hours and 23 minutes, and discharged at Buffalo in 3 hours and 11 minutes. When the writer traveled in the ship during Au- gust, she arrived at Detroit at 7:58 p. m. and sailed at 11 p. m. with 450 automobiles. Buffalo was reached at 10:10 p. m. the next night and the cargo was unloaded by 12:35 a. m., when the ship sailed for Detroit. One ship on the Detroit-Cleveland trip loaded in 3 hours and discharged in 51 minutes. To Nicholson Universal Steamship By H. E. Stocker The secret of this fast work is that the automobiles are run on and off the ship over special appliances, under their own power, and expensive time consuming handling and rehandling of numerous packages is avoided. The cars are both driven and trucked to the terminal of the line at Detroit. age yards, the car are checked. The checker chalk marks each car’s num- ber on a window of the car and records the number in the yard record book. The shipping order, billing and yard book must agree, and before the cars are loaded on the steamer, they are again checked and the records are cross checked to make certain no er- rors have been made. The car is then driven to a point in the storage yard A LEVATORS for han- dling automo- biles on the S. S. Graham (C. Woodruff. Ca- bles along the deck are used for securing the cars in bad weather 2 MARINE REVIEW—October, 1934 At the entrance to the stor- or into the two story warehouse which parallels the water’s edge. The Detroit terminal has a capacity of 1300 cars. When the ship is ready to load, the cars are driven on to the ship by expert drivers provided by the steamship company. All cars are driven on to the weather or spar deck which has been paved with asphalt to provide a good surface for the han- dling of the cars. The cars are stowed in the lower hold, on the decks and on the spar deck. The GRAHAM C. Wooprurr, the larg- est ship of the line, carries approxi- mately 500 cars, the actual amount de- pending on: the size of the cars. When a full load is stowed, the clearance be- tween the cars in many cases does not exceed three inches. The cars for be- low deck stowage are driven on to two steam winch operated elevators lo- cated amidship. The driver leaves the cars and walks back to the terminal for another car. The elevator is low- ered to the hold or to whichever deck is being worked at the time. Another driver enters the car and it is driven to place of stowage with a speed which is surprising to a shipping man ac- customed to the slow stowage of pack- age freight. Using two elevators, 175 cars may be loaded in an hour. The cars below deck are held in place by their emergency brakes. The cars on deck during bad weath- er, are secured by clamps which fit over the top of each tire and which are fastened by chains to steel fore