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ed the committee is mindful of the fact that there were more vessels in com- mission in 1915 than in 1914 and that, moreover, the bulk of commerce was moved during the last half of the sea- son of navigation, thus unavoidably in- creasing the congestion of vessel ton- nage. This is not to be construed as an apology that better results have not been obtained but it is seized upon as an occasion to emphasize the principles for which the association was founded —and that is the elimination of the avoidable accident. Subscribers should both individually and collectively im- press their masters with the fact that taking undue chances may result in the loss of the use of the vessel if not the THE MARINE REVIEW gating 4.86 per cent of the entire loss. In May there were 14, aggregating 9.03 per cent of the entire loss. In June there were seven, aggregating 4.60 per cent of the entire loss. In July there were 10, aggregating 4.24 per cent of the entire loss. In August there were eight, aggregating 5.95 per cent of the entire loss. In September there were 18, aggregating 23.59 per cent of the entire loss. In October there were 20, aggre- gating 18.22 per cent of the entire loss. In November and a few days in De- cember there were 34, aggregating 29.51 per cent of the total losses. “Of the 122 accidents so far reported, seven occurred in April; 14 in May; seven in Junz; 10 in July; seven in Aecidents Reported During Sailing Seasons Yeurs Nature of accident. Strandings Groundings Collisions Striking obstructions Striking locks ‘Striking bridges, docks, waters, buildings, piers, lock- walls, piling, buoy lights, can- al walls, harbor and channel banks 8 Fire damage 3 Explosions a Stress cola. weather os 6 ei ki mes 5 9 Machinery damage 2 Rudder damage Wheel damage Bent and broken quadrants.... Boiler damage Collapsed decks Cargo heating Legal expenses Lost anchor Ice damage Salyawe Assn 166s hot cata Unknown Broken deck winches....... ee Loading rig fell on deck...... Broken quadrant and rudder... Cargo shifted Ran over wreck steamer Joliet. Lost rudder Flooded: Open sea cock...... Dented plate Twisted rudder stock.......... Gas explosion Personal injuries Mooring damage Total losses Ce ee ee Ce ee ee S20 (eye. 'e © eho 10 je, 0° 6 90 © 8 ew Cie 8) 650 0 ree 818.28, 0 ete) 0 W020! 6 6-0 Cee ee ee ee er ee OL See) Biel bw e'e,. mie Je: ae Ce ee ee eer ee ee Ce ee ee Pe ee Ce ec ey Ce Pee ee . Hue peDn: e 8 ee ee Oe ee Ce ee ee elke Lehner ye: Rive. 46/0)! eve 8) Totals Ce ee structure when its total loss of the services are most in demand. “In partial losses we have had merely a fair result throughout the year. The season started out sluggishly and was well advanced before all of the vessels belonging to subscribers were in com- mission. To be exact 98 vessels started out in April; 27 in May; 13 in June; 11 in July; 14 in August and five in Sept- ember, a total of 168 vessels. tial losses increased as the season ad- vanced, 47.73 per cent of them occurring in October and November. These in- creases prove conclusively the need of the utmost vigilance on the part of the navigator during these two months. It does not pay to take any chances what- ever when the natural hazard of navi- gation is at its maximum. The losses in April were six, aggre- 1910 9 88 66 50 BSS ee Se PRE POKRPRO The par- : 1911 1912 1913 1914) 1915: 14. 31 20 18 30 30 1) 21 28 52 15 26 12 10 2 2 2 1 cas Brig 38 38 30 toto os SE Ww He. pb Ww ‘ mre 0 Lee ini) Cra peti: . ek Pa white e . e . oe poe. 6 es 9 e e 122 August; 17 in September; 20 in Oc- tober and 40 in November and De- cember. “The post season’s operation was quite gratifying as only one trifling accident, involving the loss of $2,500, occurred. This feature is quite gratifying to the committee as it probably means a con- tinuance by the regular underwriters of the present arrangement covering sailing after Nov. 30, which is of special ad- vantage to insured ships in chartering ahead. “The association continued during the season of 1915 to reserve 25 per cent from conventional insurance as in 1913 and 1914. At a meeting of the advisory committeee held April 14, 1915, the rate of initial contribution for the year was established at 3.25 per cent net pro rata for the year which was 0.25 per cent 30, midnight, and before Dec. 12, mi March below that of 1914. Contribution made payable in two installments, first payable 30 days after deliver the certificate and the second Sept. 15. The lake time clauses not vary from those adopted in with the exception that a rider added, both by the underwriters an the Protective Association, providing sailings earlier in the season of 1915 that vessels might be able to nay from- noon, April 1, 1916, shonig conditions warrant, at pro rata of yearly navigation rate. The lake clauses will govern, particularly the clause providing that the assurers all vessels, sailing during April and cember, are to be liable only for excess of 3 per cent on the entire 1 of the ship in respect. of all om arising from damage by ice, exe claims for total or constructive f loss. : “The rider contained the privilege’ post season trips, which was an inno tion highly desired by owners of sured vessels as it placed them in position to contract for cargoes in petition with the uninsured fleets with the full knowledge of the ra insurance which would be require the underwriters. The rates nam the underwriters were as follows: gation. after midnight, Nov... 305 voyage only, warranted sailing not late than Dec. 5, 0.5 per cent; warrant sailing not later than Dec. 8, 0.75 pe cent; warranted sailing not later t Dec. 12, 1.00 per cent; warranted sailin not later than Dec. 12, port to port ? one lake only, 0.25 per cent. A max: mum rate of 1 per cent was named cov ering all voyages commenced after No night. “The underwriters were reluctant t grant these privileges but in consider- ation of the improvement in operating conditions and the sharp reduction the number of accidents during recen years they finally agreed to them, con fident that masters and vessel owner would lend their best efforts to mun mize losses during the period. Th result has been very gratifying to th association as there were practically n losses under these extensions thoug two vessels outside the associatiot were badly damaged. Membership of the Association no change in the rules regulating th eligibility of subscribers so that the were taken over their own insurance.