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November, 1916 Kdiig (reavily 17 BAMWAST E—Lightship with chains well spread. gets a fair share of the riding strain, also aid the vessel to break her sheer with a little angled rudder away from the anchor, and then you have a lee side of about three points or 34 degrees shelter. This worked well in Table bay, South Africa. The ordinary ways of «knowing whether your ship is dragging her ground moorings are very well known and consist of the cross bearing pro- cedure and keeping the lead on the bot- tom, etc. There are places and times however when these methods are of no AlIC/70L FOr Cacl? /7iae A—Riding to ebb and flood tides. /7atil/19 a Lee Tor Barges: Cel FULPOSE B—Ordinary use of a single hook. THE MARINE REVIEW fou/ Berth? FIG, 1—ANCHOR CHART FOR NAVIGATORS F—Making a quiet side for barge work. -G and H—Fouled by last arrival. to see that you actually ride to anchor. use, and we must imagine ourselves rid- ing out a heavy gale, decks awash, ves- sel rolling heavily, and sea poundage screeching its mad fury from stem to stern. Is she dragging? Through sound and vibration, knowledge of disturb- ances on the sea bottom are faithfully recorded on deck through the medium of any vessel’s ‘ground tackle. Put your hand on the chain. If it feels like any other inert material and emits a slight humming as from telegraph poles, then all is well. - She is holding on. This sound is merely caused by the turmoil FIG. 2—ANCHOR CHART FOR NAVIGATORS C—Hove short at a turn of tide if single anchored. Lighis of Carry W171 0CKH LEAGES Hove Spor SACK Warer 383 Foosishh vse of Chain Of? Good DOrTO/77 I and J—It is necessary of spindrift under the hawse pipes. But should there be the slightest rat- tle to tingle your senses, especially where the rattle and tingle are not continuous but intermittent, your ship is dragging. A great object lesson in anchor and chain seismography, that caused the writer to study the phenomenon from a seamanship standpoint, was learned in the anchorage of Carrizal in Chile. We were loading manganese ore in a good sailing clipper and to invite some buoy- ancy in such a deadweight cargo, a tem- (Concluded on page 405.) /Tead arid STN) Liidle LL v D—Harbor moorings. ‘1