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402 Total losses of the principal nations to date, compared with the number of ships and the tonnage of its merchant marine, are indicated in the following table: Steam and sail- Gross tons ing vessels of sail and owned accord- steam ves- ing to Lloyds sels destroyed Register Book, in war 1915-1916 (26 months) Flag— No. Tons. No. Tons. Un. Kingdom. 9,285 19,541,364 873 1,849,538 British Colonies ... 2,068 1,732,700 1 3,464 *United States 2,580 3,522.913 7 12,671 Austro- Hungarian... 433 1,018,219 8 17,478 DIATIUSI. Geis a 835 854,966 47 53i30L MOTEC Maire 30% 809 1,522,547 49 105,340 PRENCMs 06 oi 1,539 2,285,728 99 215,581 Germans. cic. 2,166 4,706,027 77 189,778 Ta taATe Oe acal's 1,177. 1,736,545 108 198,277 jJapanese ASS = 1,826,029 6 22,539 orwegian 2,174 2,529,188 152 210,202 Rassias: ees 1,256 1,054,762 44 50,003 MPANISULS swiss se 642 899,204 13 34,828, Swedish ..... 1,462 1,122,883 61 58,465 * Excluding vessels trading on the Great Lakes of North America. Japanese sailing vessels are not inserted in Lloyds Register Year Book and are therefore not included in these tables. The number of sailing vessels re- ported as sunk during September was unusually small, only nine of the 70 being sailers, including two, the flag and tonnage of which is not recorded. The Norwegian steamer SETEDAL was first reported as a war loss, but inves- tigation showed that her sinking was the result of a collision. A’ majority of the vessels whose names appear be- low stroyed by submarines, although not definitely reported as having been tor- pedoed. This fact would be substan- tiated by the German statements regarding the submarine activities. Claims of the Germans also involved the sinking of many fishing boats, the loss of which has not been reported by name or number, and these are, therefore, not included in the following. tables, showing the ships of each flag sunk during September: BRITISH MERCHANT SHIPS Name and cause. Gross tons. Ist, STI DIMA TITLE A acs aigh shoes Rise e wees wens 3,108 Diratia lames Suticcevd-se sew ance ccc hinrecciesene a 4,404 INFASCORDE SUT eis ea sercaie 6 beere ce iece 1,097 AMIE VIN Ss SUT ere aterecals a snaia a a cadre wuelece 4,465 rel Vamtcer tte age svc oss siete a sraiers cee canes 3,140 MIGPEIA Ge cor S Ure accis cot cn ave snake aie lekads a ned 5,036 PEDAL LANs SMI is itatersjietcuesc)aneseloucsei wleuare ue 4,428 PtesthGene, (Suit ese octets eres ae es nee 3,541 RAIS ESTUT ICT tie Siena ine sce dicts shies IA 93 Elangorse,< Submarine *.sf8.. isc. cs ee ke 3,841 Butetown,< SUDMALTING hse icles vv oieie oe © 2,466 Wresden, Submarine si iscicice le. Gisele stele wos 807 BOBO CLs SUT eres ceaieid Gere a! clsioitieis wont sss 4,250 PPA SOG SULIT Soot aa sile 0 saad ais oso e Siade ose Bie 1,244 AWiselbinbepge Sey bUa cece ars cia ane yoes eC eS eae PN PAs 1,002 RSEUD POST curs ae eicce hea lcra wise olsarmane 2,500 ME WH SU TCC): wares tacesorsin: Soc cassis nie ee arneen 2,168 Maywood, (Sunkist sss tsicos sc oues ce ees 1,188 RSI Se PS ULTKe shsten se tone atlele ce tev tl a sete'e Sveialatasoeegis 981 (Counsellor eum fos eae ces Coes ee ere ate ors 4,958 WORT O POUT aise busi kiahetabels steieie sc etevoreneece 3,778 MOWEGISH' cgi. SSI tats. eiscec 8 o:cserneee te 35712 AU OU AIM SUIT T gies 56 hw 'o bles ae Fb. apemeigin te 3,218 Teondes Deredegat SUNK y ci «ics «ese moe 3,856 TDOWA, AStK, Siew. ars see es eo yo ocate ERs IES 3,802 MOtale ao: SHIPS, sic ev «sus ca cere eaten 73,927 NORWEGIAN MERCHANT SHIPS _ Name and cause. Gross tons. Gotthard: suka)... fot case eee 1,462 Rilda,osubmarine’°.. soc. bees ee eae "313 THE MARINE are believed to have been de-- - were pa og Coa LOY Hiso, sunk ..-..- Los Sad eas oe? Lindborg, submarine ---+-+--*7*""""'"" 9 g99 Path oan. tae see ae Frevadore, sunk ....-:-sreerrrtt ett” bis Lyderhorn, silo Gece er ee se yop Elizabeth IV, sunk ..--2e¢cs.stt tea Polynesia, sunk ..¢--<:ter rere cr Jee Kone Ring, sutik.....+s¢-0scest oe pe ee Tneden CSc ie eee cence Pm ees Bufjord, sunk .....-++-+eteeerseree Bek Vindeggen, submarine ----+++++++7+8*"* oe Pronto sia veceucses eres g rs ne Renteniay Mine ae vei nea mele erie reset tS Ae. Tedalen; sunk (06. -e 0 eter ecu e He thet sunk csc lewsln cee ert se TT eee Molosa; sulk wacisee sew cen er cee estos : Total, 18 ShipSs vaso. cnetbarscees ee” 32.555 MERCHANT SHIPS OF OTHER NATIONS Name, nationality and cause. Gross tons. Seearend, Dutch, submarine..-+++-++++- ss pee Antwerpen, Dutch, SUNK. cscs eee er cece oe General Archinard, Frenchs. v., Stitikce <1: Ariel, French s. v., submarine.....-.-- Nee eune Union French s.v., submarine... 267 Stella del Mare, Italian s. v., submarine 1,166 Garibaldi, Italian s. v., submarine.....- ; us Benpark, Italian, submarine......--++-+- 3,84 Nitnolo, Italian, submarine....---+-++++-> ae Europe, French s. V., SUtikve sc cincree es 3 Marcel, Belgian, sunk ....--++++2+e00> 1,433 Johan Tillberg, Swedish. sunk........-- 401 Gamen, Swedish, sunk......-.-++-+++:: 2,617 Knut Hilde, Swedish, submarine......- 1,670 Dania, Swedish, submarine......---+-+-:> 467 Benguela, Swedish s. v., submarine..... 688 Jeanne, Danish, sunk.....---++++++++++ 1,198 _ N. ‘Madvig, Danish, sunk.........--- 1,762 ans Jensen, Danish, sunk.........--- 1,825 Farmatyr, Danish, sunk..... eee ee tenes 1,426 Luis Vives, Spanish, submarine........- 2,394 Mayo, Spanish, sunk......---++++++eees 1,880 Elwine Koppen, German, mine.......-. 2,050 Assimacos, Greek, submarine........... 2,898 Spetzai, Greek, sunk...........eeeeeees 1,904 Adriana Jacoba (?), s. v., sunk........ Agee Noordster (?), s. v., Sunk...........-- ale Total, 727 SHIPS iiss tense oct cee bein 43,841 Tow Around the World According to a recent issue of the Standard Oil Bulletin, the arrival of the Standard. Oil Co. (California) steamer RicuHMonpd and barge S. O. Co. No. 95 in San Francisco, marked the completion of new history in ocean towing and also a record for this branch of the American merchant marine. In 496 days, the time these vessels absent from their home port, RicHMoND has towed barge S. O. Co. No. 95 for 75,000 miles, crossing the Atlantic and war zone 14 times, and on arrival had nothing to do but clean boilers and open up the main machinery for examination. The longest no-stop tow was made between New York and _ Singapore (where the vessel stopped for bunker oil), a distance of 14,000 miles, and which was accomplished in 62 days, an average of 226 knots per day, or 9.4 knots per hour. The superintendents, foremen and office men of the Cleveland and Lo- rain yards of the. American Ship Building Co. held their annual clam bake at the Lorain yard on Sunday, Oct. 1. About 150: attended. The program was varied, the main event consisting of a ball game between the Cleveland and _ Lorain contingents. The Cleveland team was the victor. November, 1916 : Book Review The Marine Steam Turbine; . W. M. Sothern; 555 pages, 6 x 9 inches; bound in cloth; published by the D. Van Nostrand Co., New York and furnished by The Marine Review for $6 net. This is the fourth edition of a most comprehensive work on the marine steam turbine. The new edition has several new sections which are devoted to discussions of entropy-temperature diagrams, geared turbines, oil fuel, auxiliaries and a number of subjects which are pertinent to the design and operation of turbines in marine work, The book is well. illustrated and has a number of diagrams which are help- ful in the study of turbines. Many tables of data taken from actual tests are included which serve to bring the theoretical discussions closer to the actual conditions. Another good fea- ture of the book is that the problems — illustrative of the text matter are fully worked out in conjunction with the discussion. The author points out in his preface that the marine recip- rocating engine has taken nearly a century to arrive at its present state of mechanical perfection and _ eco- nomical efficiency whereas the marine turbine has arrived at a similar de- gree of efficiency within a brief period of less than three decades. Upon this assumption he predicts that the future holds many improvements in store for marine turbines which will be evidenced in greater flexibility and decreased steam and coal consumption. Spain Limits Foreign Ownership The Spanish government is consid- ering the enactment of a law limiting foreign participation in Spanish matft- time enterprises. According to the provisions of the bill laid before the Spanish parliament, the stock of a maritime joint-stock company held by foreigners shall not exceed 25 per cent of the whole capital. Partnership maritime companies will be obliged to submit to the director general of commerce the names of their mem- bers with the proportion each holds of the capital of the company; and that held by foreign members shall not exceed 25 per cent of the whole. Pending the passage of the bill, the Spanish government virtually made its Provisions legal by. means of a royal order. A period of two months was allowed for the reorganization of the companies in question. The Atlantic Fruit Co. soon will re-— sume steamship service between New Orleans and Frontera, Mexico.