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September, 1915 $16. The two closets on a railway coach will probably not discharge more than 2 cubic feet in the maximum hour, or in 4 hours 8 cubic feet. The uninstalled construction cost per rail- way coach will therefore probably be from $15 to $20.” In most ships it will be found prac- ticable to lead the sewage discharges from closets, etc., to a few such vessels as described above, making them of correspondingly larger size. It will readily be seen that the pressure above the liquid must not be allowed to reach a point where it would displace or dis- turb the water seal in the traps of the toilets or other drainages. A steam pressure of a pound or two would pro- duce a temperature high enough for germicidal and disinfecting purposes and for discharge overboard if the apparatus is above the water line, Otherwise, a non-return valve may be fitted in the sewage influent pipe to prevent the pres- sure, which only exists at or about the moment of discharge, from disturbing ‘the trap seals as referred to above. Although not shown in the accom- panying sketch an opening, provided with a suitable steam tight cover, would necessarily be provided for access to the float and valve, though the latter could of course be located entirely outside the tank and operated by an extension of the float lever mechanism. The apparatus certainly is simplicity itself; it is inexpensive and ought to give good service. Newport News Busy Newport News Ship Building & Dry Dock Co., Newport News, Va., has a large amount of construction work un- der way at the present time. A freight steamship is being built for the New York & Porto Rico Steamship Co., which will be a duplicate of LorENzo, now in the service of this organization. The new steamer will be 347 feet 5 inchse in length, with 46-foot 9-inch beam and 25-foot depth. Two colliers are being constructed for the Crowell & Thurlow Steamship Co. They will be duplicates of Epwarp Pierce and are to be 375 feet in length and 49-foot beam. Two twin screw bulk oil steam- ers, 14,900 tons dead weight capacity, are being built for the Standard Oil Co., of New Jersey. These boats are 516 feet long and 68-foot beam, with 38-foot. depth of hold. A bulk oil steamer 460 x 60 feet, similar to the new steamship JoHn D. ROCKEFELLER, also is being built for the Standard Oil Co., of New Jersey. A 12-knot freight steamship, 425 x 57 feet, is being con- structed for Edgar F. Luckenbach. The Mallory Steamship Co. has ordered a combination freight and passenger steam- er, 440 feet long and 54-foot 3-inch THE MARINE REVIEW beam. The Munson Steamship Line is having a 375 x 49-foot steamship built at the Newport News yards. In addi- tion to the foregoing, the Newport News Ship Building & Dry Dock Co. is building two United States battleships, PENNSYLVANIA and MissIssIpPI, and two coast guard cutters of 835 tons displacement each. Canadian Tonnage A total of 43,346 gross tons of ship- ping was built and registered in Can- ada in 1914, Ontario being credited with 23,167 tons, or more than _ half. The average displacement of the new craft is about 100 tons. Most of them are fishing schooners, barges and various types of mosquito craft. At the close of 1914, a total of 8,772 ves- sels, of 932,422 gross tons, was reg- Vent TIS Paenieae he ee : ees (i Lae . ; Emergency Valve Jot The losses to the merchant fleet for the past year have not all been reported, ° but for the first nine months they num- ber 1,062 vessels of 195,052 gross tons. Launch Big Dredge Cascapas, said to be the largest and most powerful dipper dredge in the world, was launched from the New York Shipbuilding Co.’s yard at Cam- den, N. J., June 26. This dredge is for U. S. government use on the Panama canal, and was designed for exceptionally heavy work, by the Bucyrus Co., South Milwaukee, Wis., which also built the machinery. The construction of the hull and house was sublet to the New York Ship- building Co. CascapAs is equipped with double tandem ‘compound engines with 16 ACHE we Cos eee J tote at Insulation -G STEAM SEWAGE DISINFECTING APPARATUS istered in Canada, representing a value of about $28,000,000. The year’s output of Canadian builders was the largest for 14 years. American Merehant Marine Grows Merchant vessels built in the United States and officially numbered by the bureau of navigation, department of commerce, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1915, were 1,226 of 215,711 gross tons compared with 1,291 of 311,- 578 gross tons for the fiscal year 1914. During the past ten months, however, under the ship registry act of Aug. 18 1914, 147 foreign-built vessels of 528,907 gross tons have been added to the American merchant fleet, making the total for the year from both sources 1,373 vessels of 744,618 gross tons. This tonnage is the largest annual addition to the American merchant fleet in the history of the United States. In 1908 the total increase was 718,683 gross tons, in 1907, it was 596,708 gross tons, and in 1855 it was 586,102 gross tons. high pressure, 28-inch low pressure cylinders and a stroke of 24 inches. These engines exert a maximum stall- ing pull on the hoisting rope of 235,- 000 pounds. The dredge will be com- pletely equipped and tested out at the builder’s yard before being dismantled and towed to the isthmus. Laundries for Battleships As a result of an experiment on the U. S. battleship Trxas, crews’ laun- dries will be installed in all new bat- tleships and in the older ones as rapidly as conditions permit. Cap- tain A. W. Grant, until recently in command of the Texas, has submitted a report to the secretary stating he found the innovation an excellent one and recommending that it be made universal throughout the _ battleship fleet. The secretary, approving the recommendation, believes that in addi- tion to effecting economies in the use of fresh water on board ship, a modern laundry will be more sani- tary as well as a time-saver.