The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

1901.] MARINE REVIEW. 27 WINTER NAVIGATION OF THE ST. LAWRENCE. Upon the subject of the winter navigation of the St. Lawrence river, Mors. Kennedy, chief engineer of the Montreal harbor commission, has made the following report: ; “In answer to the question of the board as to the advisability of an effort being made to keep the St. Lawrence open all winter at Cap Rouge, and as far above as may be found practicable, by the use of the govern- ment ice-breaking steamer Stanley,-I beg to say that I consider it of great importance that such an effort be made. It is, I think, established that the taking of the ice on the main channel of the St. Lawrence between Mon- treal and the sea, does not occur by the formation of a smooth sheet over its surface, nor by the widening of the border from the sides until the whole is covered as in small rivers, but by the formation of floating fields, which are kept in motion by tide or current, and which grow as they move, until one or more become of sufficient size and strength to block the narrow places of the river, as at Sorel island, at Cap Rouge and the island of Orleans. A blockade thus formed, if allowed to stand, arrests all float- ing ice which strikes it, the smaller floes are forced under by the tide or current, and there lodge until an ice jam of great thickness and strength is formed, and meanwhile the larger floes accumulate on the surface until the river above is covered. The experience in keeping open the winter ferry at Quebec has shown that by the skilful use of steamers of moderate power at the proper time and place, the formation of such blockades can be prevented, or if suddenly formed they can be broken up before attain- ing great strength; and that the floating fields having then nothing to hold them are kept moving by tide and current, and are carried off to sea before attaining sufficient size and thickness to seriously obstruct navi- gation. “The conditions which prevail at Cap Rouge are so nearly the same as those at Quebec that there can be no doubt but that the Cap Rouge ice jam can also be prevented from forming, and with equal ease. In the winter of 1885-6 no blockade formed at ‘Cap Rouge, and the main channel of the river also remained open from Three Rivers to the gulf, which goes to show that if Cap Rouge be kept free it should not be difficult to keep much more of the river open. It is well known that the Cap Rouge ice jam is the last point of obstruction to the clearing away of the ice above Quebec in spring, and that navigation up to ‘Montreal is sometimes seri- ously delayed by its holding on to a late date.. The average date of the opening of navigation at Montreal by the river steamers which winter above Cap Rouge is, for the last twenty-five years, April 19, but the aver- age date of the first atrivals from sea is retarded until. April 30. Allow- ing a day for ships to come from Quebec to Montreal leaves ten days average delay in the opening of navigation from sea, which may be fairly considered as caused by the holding on of the Cap Rouge ice jam. An ice-breaking boat of the power of the Stanley could by occasional work at proper times easily eliminate this delay; by additional work she could keep open all winter the channel up to the lower end of Lake St. Peter; and the same or a more powerful boat, by more constant work, and the skill which would be gained by experience would not only keep open the navi- gation channel through to Montreal but, as was pointed out by the Mon- treal flood commission of 1887, it would, by breaking up the ice at proper places and times, prevent the formation of heavy ice jams, and thereby prevent the disastrous winter floods of which they are the primary cause.” Mr. Francis H. Clergue of Ontario, Can., is now en route home from England and the residents of Sault Ste. ‘Marie have decided to give him - a banquet in honor of his distinguished services to the town. The Robert Palmer Ship Building Co., Noank, Conn., has on hand one steam yacht, one fishing steamer, ten large sea-going barges and six floats. Green Bros., Bridgeport, Conn., have a contract to build a four- masted schooner of 2,500 tons for Capt. M. M. Blake and others of Bridgeport. ** Seaboard Steel Castings.”’ MANUFACTURERS CF “THE ADMIRAL”? ANCHOR. A GUARANTEE OF QUALITY. OPEN-HEARTH STEEL CASTINGS OF THE HIGHEST GRADE. FACILITIES FOR CASTINGS UP.TO 8 ,2CO POUNDS WEIGHT. MACHINE WORK AND PATTERNS FURNISHED WHEN REQUIRED. RAIL OR WATER DELIVERIES. CAPACITY, |50 > TONS PER MCNTH. Seaboard Steel Casting Co., CHESTER, PA. THE LATEST AND EEST STOCKLESS ANCHCR. APPROVED BY LLOYD'S. ANCHORS CAST AND TESTED ON ORDER, OR STOCK ORCERS PROVPILY Fl! LED. ala Contains NO ZINC =\— nor any weaken- Gj ing metal. 4 Send for Booklet with§ treatise on ‘Electrolysis —— 2 aye ae of Condenser Tubes. ’ Benedict & Burpham Mfg. Co., mits cna offices, Waterbury Conn. N w York. 253 Bd'wy. toston, 172 High St. BELLEVILLE GEN ERATORS Grand Prix 1889 Originated 1849 Hors Concours 1900. Latest Improvements 1896 Number of Marine Leagues made each year by Steamships of the Messageries Maritimes Co., Provided with Belleville Generators—Since their Adoption in the Service. Year. Australian] Polynesien Sela aus eae Chili Cordillere| . Laos Tonkin Annam ee eas sasuntiec om 22,576 820 PROT ie ke es 22,749 22,777 68 1 GBR Ae eC Bane aioe 22,749 22,801 23,274 7,753 BE os sono senate ve ccnanae oihags gee Pe bh} 22,781 22,762 22,749 1 LER a opp erm FS 22,813 22,789 | - 22,6581. 22.813 12,567 Pegs 22,891 22,922 | 22,913 | 22,936 13,629 9,571 PG os. ic es 23,178 30,906 | 23,232 23,183 20,735 21,051 13,572 oo) RGR RE ES errr 22,750 23,202 30,912 23,185 20,745 25,370 21,119 14,382 | fo ee ane eee emer es Pe 23,646 23,178 | 23,184] 23,199 20,842} 21,080 21,080 20,851 21,318 7,569 BE oot a ey 23,178 23,205 | 22,477 30,135 20,082 20,926 20,956 17,448 18,285 | 14,669 7,628 WORM es. stance .ecshicaseads 229,323 | 215,381 | 191,680 | 175,953 108,600 97,998 76,727 52,681 39,603 22,238 7,628 ATELIERS ET CHANTIERS DE L’ERMITAGE, A ST. DENIS (SEINE), FRANCE. WORKS AND YARDS OF L’ERMITAGE ST. DENIS (SEINE), FRANCE. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS: BELLEVILLE, SAINT DENIS, SUR SEINE.