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20 MARINE REVIEW. MARINE REVIEW Devoted to the Merchant Marine, the Navy, Ship Building, and Kindred Interests. Published every Thursday at No. 418-19 Perry-Payne building, Cleveland, Ohio, by THE MARINE REVIEW PUBLISHING Co. SusBscrRiPTION—$3.00 per year in advance; foreign, including postage, $4.50, or 19 shillings. Single copies 10 cents each. Convenient binders sent, post paid, $1.00. Advertising rates on application. Entered at Cleveland Post Office as Second-class Mail Matter. To All Old Sailing Masters on the Great Lakes. The Marine Review is desirous of obtaining the experiences of old sailing masters on the lakes and the histories of the old vessels which they sailed, together with photographs or pictures of them and their craft. These old sailing masters and their vessels are a part of the history of the great lakes which is fast becoming obliterated by the revolution in lake transporta- tion. This history is of a perishable nature because it exists largely in the memories of men who have spent the greater part of their lives on the Jakes. If it is not preserved now it never will be preserved. The Marine Review therefore begs old captains and mates and vessel owners to write a brief ac- count of their lives, their experiences on the lakes and the histories of the vessels upon which they sailed. The Review will both publish and pay for the matter. Never mind spelling, punctu- ation and diction; the Review will furnish those; just relate the facts. The Review hopes that every old sailing master will take this as an appeal to him personally and jot down during his winter evenings a rough sketch of his life. For instance, but little is known about Lake Superior navigation prior to the opening of the Sault Ste. Marie canal. Who knows about it? Has anyone any pictures of the vessels afloat on Lake Superior at that time. If so, send them to the Review to be photographed and they will be promptly returned in good condition. By the same token, does anyone know of the first steamboat line that ran between Detroit and the Sault? Some little while ago congress authorized the promotion of six gun- ners to the rank of ensign, which corresponds in the navy to that ot second lieutenant in the army. This praiseworthy legislation on the part of congress to open the path of progress to the enlisted men has stirred up quite a commotion in the navy department. The first to take advan- tage of it was Charles Morgan, a gunner stationed at Newport. Having served on the flagship New York, he appealed to Admiral Sampson to be Tecommended for examination for promotion. Morgan is a most ex- emplary young man and the admiral took pleasure in forwarding his recommendation to the secretary of the navy. However, in doing so he pronounced sentiments distinctly unamerican and decidedly at variance with Napoleon’s motto, “every private carries a marshal’s baton in his knapsack.” After endorsing the application of Morgan, Admiral Samp- son wrote as follows: “It is earnestly hoped that the secretary of the navy will not find it necessary to take advantage of the authority which is to be granted him to appoint a certain number of warrant officers to the grade of ensign. While it is true that these men are selected from a very large class of men of unusual ability, which distinguishes them as perhaps the professional equals of their officers, as far as technical education stands, it is also true that they are recruited from a class of men who have not had the social advantages that are a requisite for a commissioned officer. It is submit- ted that in time of peace the navy’s function consists to a certain extent of representing the country abroad and it is important that the navy’s representatives should be at least men of refinement. While there are perhaps a certain few among the warrant officers who could fulfill this requirement, I am of the opinion that the vast majority of them could not. Once they are commissioned they will have the same social standing as the other officers and no distinction properly could be made in extending general invitations. The consequences that would arise from their accept- ance might not redound to the credit of the navy or the country which the navy represents. I do not mean to detract from the sterling worth of the warrant officers of the navy. I merely mean to suggest to the department that, unfortunately for them, they have been deprived of certain natural advantages, and in consequence their proper place is that of leading men among the crew and not as representatives of the country in the ward room and steerage.” Admiral Sampson must not think that gentlemen are turned out at Annapolis exclusively. True courtesy is an inherent quality and is not. bestowed by universities and academies. The greatest of natural gentle- men might not be able to spell his name correctly; yet that would not [February 28, mar the quality of gentleness which is inborn. Nor is ability of academic origin. Ability is native; the university merely disciplines it. The world is full of men who educated themselves as they went along through life, assimilating from day to day the knowledge which they needed for the day’s work. The most striking example of this power is that furnished by William Pitt, the younger, who was a member of parliament at twenty- one and prime minister of England at twenty-five. Compared to Edmund Burke and others with whom he was contemporary, his education was ot the scantiest kind, yet had he died at thirty-one his life would have been the most signally triumphant of any man who had ever lived. The Review is sorry that Sampson should have been guilty of such narrow-minded- ness, As a factor in steel making Andrew Carnegie is no more. This means that the greatest of steel makers has retired to enjoy his rest and to pursue a dignified and peaceful old age. Once upon a time he said that the man who died rich died disgraced and announced his determination to rid himself of his riches before his death. This, of course, was hyperbole, but it was an emphatic way of announcing a purpose to distribute his wealth in endowments while living. Andrew Carnegie could not die a poor man if he tried. For while he has a penchant for giving away libra-~ ries, he is by no means in the business of giving away steel mills. He has parted with his property in consideration of a bonded investment which yields him an income of $30,000 a day, including Sundays. It’s a troublesome thing to actually spend $30,000 a day. ‘During the civil war Andrew Carnegie was a telegraph operator. That’s not so very long ago. All his vast wealth has been created since. In enriching himself he has enriched his associates. The men whom he made managers are immensely wealthy. There’s one young man in the company, scarcely forty years old, whose initial investment in the concern was not one cent and whose holdings today, based upon the valuation placed upon Carnegie’s, aggregates $50,000,000. He has shared in the profits and his wealth has grown with the company’s earnings. Andrew Carnegie has been a daring manufacturer. He has never hesi- tated to go to the utmost expense to replace old machinery with new. Indeed, his course has been in this respect ruthless. But it has paid. No man has taught the manufacturing world greater economic truths than Carnegie; the career of no man, for the few remaining years that are left to him, will be watched with greater interest. CONSUMPTION OF PIG IRON DURING 1900. Mr. James 'M. Swank contributes the following article upon the con- sumption of pig iron during 1899 and 1900 to the Bulletin of the American Steel & Iron Association: At the time our pig iron statistics for 1900 were published in the Bul- letin lack of time and space prevented us from presenting a table showing our approximate consumption of pig iron in that year. This we now do, giving also for comparison the figures for 1899. Our consumption of pig iron in the two years mentioned is approximately shown by adding the production and imports and stocks of unsold pig iron at the begin- ning of each year and subtracting from the total thus obtained the ex- ports and unsold stocks at the close of each year, the comparatively small quantity of foreign pig iron held in bonded warehouses at the close ot each year not being considered. In all our calculations spiegeleisen and ferromanganese ‘are invariably treated as pig iron. Warrant stocks are included in unsold stocks, Pig iron—Gross tons. 1899 19:0 Domestic: production ay. sae 13,620,703 13,789,242 Timportede err Narre eR etek 40,393 52,565 Stocks unsold, Janik ss. 38 ens 415,333 68,309 ‘otal sup phy eer ee 4 14,076,429 13,910,116 Deduct-stocks“ Dee 3l: son, fe: 68,309 446,020 RISO SERPOLUSE Kk CO — e 228,678 286,815 Approximate consumption 13,779,442 13,177,281 Shrinkage in conswmption in 1900 as compared with 1899 .......... 602,161 The above figures will surprise some of our- readers who have sup- posed that, because we made more pig iron in 1900 than in the boom year 1899, we therefore consumed more pig iron in 1900 than in 1899. The figures tell a different story. In this connection we call attention to the statistics of our exports of iron and steel in 1899 and 1900, which were printed in our last Bulletin. They showed that our total exports of iron and steel for which weights were obtainable amounted in 1899 to 942,659 tons and in 1900 to 1,154,504 tons, an increase in 1900 over 1899 of 211,845 tons, which increase represents at least 300,000 tons of pig iron. If we add this 300,000 tons to the 602,161 tons at the foot of the above table we have a decreased consumption of pig iron in 1900 as compared with 1899, for strictly home use, of about 900,000 tons. The export figures we have given do not include our exports of locomotives, car wheels. machinery, etc., the weight of which is not given, but our exports of nearly all of which articles increased in 1900 over 1899. The present out- look is that, in consequence of the depressed condition and lower prices of iron and steel in Great Britain and Germany, our exports of many iron and steel products during the present year will fall below the figures of last year, and may even fall below those of 1899. : Our readers will draw their own conclusions from the above. facts, and one of the conclusions that they will surely reach is that a prediction by a correspondent of the American Manufacturer of recent date, that “we shall use at home in 1901 very close to 15,000,000 tons of pig iron,” must. be justified by an increased foreign demand, if at all.