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_ wars and fightings have ceased among the rival steam- ship companies, but it is convenient for the purposes of this paper to make the assumption. — From information supplied by different Atlantic lincs it was estimated that a reasonable average per voyage is 185 first-class, 110 second, and 400 third-class passen- gers, which Mr. Inglis used in his calculations. Main- tenance and repairs he charges at 2% per cent of the hull cost and 7% on machinery; depreciation he takes at 7¥% percent of first cost. ‘The price of first-class pas- Sage was $30, second $15, and third $7.50. Dead weight freights were taken at about 75c per ton per 1,000 miles. Oathese assumptions Mr. Inglis demon- strated, by means of tables and diagrams, that the mar- gin of profit widens slightly but continuously, until a speed of 194 knots is reached, when the time in port is fixed ata minimum of seven days; above that speed profit rapidly decreases, becomes zero at 19.675 kuots— less than half a knot above the speed of maximum profit, and is transformed into a loss of 91g per cent. of the cost of the vessel when the speed becomes 21 knots. Reducing the stay in port to four days, the best-pay- ing speed is raised to 20 knots, and the vessel adapted to that speed makes a profit of 414,898, instead of a loss of £17,555. ‘The speed at which profit vanishes is 20.425 knots instead of 19.675 knots, and the loss on the 21-knot steamer is reduced to 5 per cent. KErom these striking figures Mr. Inglis concludes: The paramount importance of dispatch is thus shown in avery striking manner. Evidently it is by no means advantageous to encumber the working of passenger steamers by carrying heavy cargoes, which cannot be discharged from and loaded into such vessels, with the rapidity which is possible in the case of vessels built ex- pressly for cargo carrying. It might even be shown that it would be more profitable to run a 15-knot steamer with half cargoes, so long as she could obtain her average complement of passengers, on more fre- quent sailings, than to keep her in port for the addi- tional time necessary to handle the ful®cargo; but in that case she would be unnecessarily full in form for the purpose. THE MARINE RECORD. NEW INVENTIONS. William E. Cole, of Atlanta, Ga., thinks he has solved the qnestion of wing rudders, and has secured a patent (No. 557,052) on his steering apparatus. His claim is for wing rudders which are pivoted at their front ends on opposite sides of the bow, asteam cylinder for each rudder, a piston and piston rod in each cylinder, a loop bar which projects through the open end of each cylin- der and is connected with one of the rudders, and springs applied to the-piston rods, the piston rods being made to project through the cylinder heads to receive the springs. The loop bars are loosely connected to the outer sides of the pistons and the inner sides of the rudders. : Charles L. Jaeger, of Maywood, N. J., has patented (No. 556,987) what seems to bean ingenious device called an ‘‘Hlectric Recording Instrument for Ship’s Com- passes and Logs.” Theclaim is as follows: — 1, A combined recording compass and log comprising in its structure a magnetic needle for recording the ship’s course, a make-and-break contact actuated by a log mechanism, conductors in connection with said make-and-break contacts and arranged on opposite sides of said strip for indicating the distance sailed, an induction coil and electrical connections. 2. An electric recording device comprising a conduct- ing disk having projections, a conducting. arm actuated through suitable mechanism and arranged to rotate close to the conducting-disk, conductors for the disk and conducting-arm, a source of electricity, an induc- tion-coil, a recording device and electrical connections. 3.. In a combined electrical compass and log, the com- bination of a conductor G, a recording-arm D secured to the needle and arranged to revolve in proximity to oe The decline of our shipbuilding industry is due, as is well known, to the fact that the British builders obtained a decisive advantage when metal was substituted for wood as the chief material for the construction of ships, for iron and steel could be purchased in Great Britain for much less than in America. The advantage due to cheap materials, which has long been enjoyed by the British builders has been slowly fading away, and will, in all probabiliiy, soon be trausferred to American builders, for the iron mas- ters of Great Britain are finding it necessary, to an ever increasing extent, to resort to foreign shores for adequate supplies of good ores.—Marine Journal. . rr + <2 a VISIBLE SUPPLY OF GRAIN. As compiled for THE MARINE RECORD by George F. Stone, Secretary Chicago Board of Trade, April 4, 1896: WHEAT. CORN. OATS, RYE, BARLEY eer Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels, | Bushels, | Bushels, Albany’ (occ cscccscss|ersecsrees 8,000 S20OO es eee sere s vada Baltimore ............ 104,000 729 000 109,000 87,000}... sess ee BOBO coacicen in ss epic 38 000, B81, O00 | eee nc ssliuestecien Buffalo.... 85,000 84,000 187,000 315,000 Mee atOat sco isds aig’ lois 509,000). ces cere se ROG OOO tecat ace eel ade shee. Chicago... 6 463,000} 1,861.000 452,000 13,000 «~~ afloat 6,317,000}, 1,296,006) 0.0... cc el sews esesee Cincinnati 2 000 18,000 1 000 86.000 Detroit. oes 5k 12,000 8,000 13,000 9,000 ** afloat EEAAMS oale Ma Widtetatal sate’ sisharae tates ciohuee ee akhts « Duluth and Superior,.| 13,932,000 148,000} 1,156 000 208,000 343,000 “ *« afloat DIDAWe ces ee cae en wee tliaues Jods claw nin ck de « Indianapolis ,..... ..... 70,000 ZA WO eiemeteasvlioecescswcclsae Kansas City, ......... 1,244,000 178,900 70,000 28,000).......... Milwaukee,.......... LE; 000| sessed 6 17,000} 266 000 34,000 “ afloat LIB, 00s esis DEOOOO Mi zae cls seers pcan Minneapolis, .. 19,309 000 64 000 805,000 118,000 191,000 Montreal. ..... 902,000 73,000 397,000 6 000 61,000 New York, a 1,322,000 198,000} 1,554,000 a afloat .... .. 52,000)... ..cacc|setsccoees WDBWEBOT cc cc ce scccclecescots os Paica Slee me i PBORI AS Sei e iela 16,000 81,000 335.000 Philadelphia ......... 121,000 94,000 128,000 St, Louis........ ....| 1,182,000} 1,079,000} 483,000 an afloat z Toledo....... *« afloat Toronto .._. On Canal.,..... On Lakes,, On Mississippi........|.......06- 340,000 24 000 Grand Total.......... 60,322.000! 16 989,000} 9,020,000) 1,523,900) 1,140,000 Corresponding date asses seeees.| 72,703,000) 12 890000} 5.815 000 245,000 685,000 5 ‘it be mi the conductor, and curved as described to bring suc- cessive parts thereof over the conductor, means for feeding a strip of paper between the two, a recording member S and conductor arranged in close proximity to each other, and a make-and-break contact actuated by the log mechanism. 4. In an electric recording-log, the combination of a casing, a conducting-disk secured in said casing, a con- ducting-arm secured to the mechanism actuated by the rotator and arranged to rotate close to the conducting disk, a contact for the disk, a conductor for the con- ducting-arm, an insulating fluid in the casing, and elec- trical connections. An ‘‘Electric Signal Lamp”’’ is the invention of Alex- ander F. Ward, of Memphis, Tenn., on which he has se- cured Patent No. 556,946, His device comprises a dynamo, a hand-driven mechanism therefor, and an in- - closing protective casing, . in combination with a fold- ing mast carried by the dynamo-casing, and a sig- nal lamp at the upper end. A balancing resistance is included in separate branches of the main cir- cuit, with an automatic switching device in me- chanical connection with the dynamo, adapted to send the current alternately through said branches to pro- duce a succession of flashes of varying length. ‘The cap @ forms the base of the lantern, and the cap/is re- movable; @ is a transparent casing, and g shows one of the guard rods, tightening which serves to clamp the casing between 2 and/. FLOTSAM AND JETSAM. A 300-barrel oil gusher hasbeen struck on Pelee Is- land. Toledo expects to have the finest naval reserve corps on the lakes. The water on Sturgeon Bay Canal is two feet lower than at this time last year. . The steamer State of New York is making tri-weekly trips between Cleveland and Toledo. The gale last week blew down the Brownore hoists at Lorain, pretty badly wrecking the affair. The schooner Manda has loaded 165,000 bushels of corn at Chicago for Buffalo, on scant 15 feet—4,020 tons. There has been cut 49,000,000 feet of lumber along the Ashland division of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. Capt. Philip Schied, last year on the tug Wm. Kennedy of Cleveland, will have local charge of the new Ashta- bula tug line. se Major William Marshall, U. S. engineer at Chicago, asks to be transferred from that post of duty, which has become unpleasant. “The Olga Transportation Co.” has been incorpor- ated to operate the steamer J.C. Pringle and barges Harrison, Sweetheart and Unadilla. As soon as navigation opens a wrecking expedition will go to the schooner Col. Ellsworth, which went ashore two miles from Whitefish Point, Lake Superior, last October. She is reported as still in good condition. @en. Craighill, Chief of Engineers, War Departiment, announces that he will appoint no successor to Major Post (General Poe’s post) until the river and harbor bill and the fortifications bill become laws. P. M. Church, of Sault Ste. Marie, is the lowest bid- der (and will undoubtedly get the contract) on the work of replacing miscarried buoys. His bid was $2,795; David Tate, who was in charge last year, bid $4,799; Charles Thompson, $6,100; Joseph Rouleau, $3,580. George H. Bowen, on behalf of the Marine Engineers’ Beneficial Association, protests vigorously against that association being classed as a labor organization and its members being counted as ‘‘union men.” He asserted that the association is no more a labor union than is the Order of the Maccabees, or any other benefit association. George Hyde, a member of the gang who killed Canal Boatman Phillips in a riot over rates last fall, has been sentenced tothe New York penitentiary for life. Graves, another of the crowd, will, it is said, plead guilty to manslaughter. The others who are indicted will prob- ably plead guilty to inciting not the penalty for which is fine or imprisonment. The new merchandise docks of the Lake Superior & Ishpeming Railway on Presque Isle (Marquette) have been completed. The ore dock when finished will be 54 feet high and 52 feet wide, containing 200 pockets. The approaches to the ore dock have been driven, and both docks will have been completed some time before the dredging is done or the tracks laid on the railroad. —C: F. Bielman was the lucky bidder for the marine mail work on Detroit River. His proposal was $14.50 per day. Others were as follows: Mills & Kendall, $24; H. P. White $23; D. J. McAlpine, $16; W. G. Swart- out, $19; John Pender, $16.50; George W. McCullough, $17.80; Charles M. Payment, $15; Alex Ruelle (three bids) for the Grace Ruelle, $20; for the J. L.. Miner, $30; forthe C. A. Lorman, $40. Some improvements in the manner of putting mail aboard a passing vessel at Detroit will be tried this sea- son. It is the intention of those in charge to have the mail pouch idea tried. On most of the slower boats the steam launch will run along side close enough so that the carrier may throw a pouch containing the mail aboard the passing boat. The pouch will have a line attached long enough so that it can run out several hun- dred feet if necessary before the pouch is cast off. ‘The pouch will be water tight, so that when it is thrown into the water no damage will be done toits contents. — elie i The Kendall Marine Reporting Co., of Port Huréa, will have an increase in their business of about one-third‘. over last year. ‘They have put their office in fine shape, and have purchased two new boats from Elisha Langell, of Marine City, to place on the river. The same river reporters, the Riggs Brothers, who have worked for them the last five years, will continue in theiremploy. Both are first-class men in asmall boat. Soy